The following article is taken from http://www.housechurches.net and is largely by Jim McCotter. Did you know the largest and fastest-growing Christian movement in the United States today is the house church movement? More than one U.S. survey revealed that approximately 20,000,000 people meet in some form of a house church in the United States.

Jim McCotter has some excellent resources available on http://www.jimsbookstore.com.

All apostles, prophets, evangelists, pastors (shepherds), and teachers were first Elders (Titus 1:5) and also referred to as Overseers or Bishops (1 Tim. 3:1).

• “Pastor” and “Shepherd” are the same words in Greek and refer to the same person – a spiritual leader caring for God’s flock of Believers.
• “Bishop” and “Overseer” are the same words in Greek and refer to the same person.
• “Elder” and “Bishop/Overseer” refer to the same person (Titus 1:5 & 7; 1 Tim. 3:1-2), but do have different meanings: “Elder” relates to their spiritual maturity and qualifications. “Bishop/Overseer” relates to their authority and responsibility.

Three Categories of Churches

There are three categories of churches in the NT:

1. Universal Church – Jesus said, “I will build My church” (Mat. 16:18). The universal church is made up of all Jesus’s true Believers in the world.
2. City Church – The city church was made up of all Jesus’s Believers in a city. No place in the NT does it use the plural word “churches” in any city. There was only one church per city. Thus the city church. There was “the church in Jerusalem… the church in Ephesus… the church in Philippi” etc. The word “church” (singular) was used 169 times in the NT and never plural “churches” in a city. A plurality of Elders were appointed to work together to oversee all the Believers in “the church”, therefore, all the Believers in the city – thus the city church. The only time the plural word “churches” was ever used in the NT was when it referred to a region with many towns, such as the “churches in Galatia… the churches in the province of Asia” etc.
3. House Church – In each city Christians would regularly meet in homes. For example, in the “church in Jerusalem”, many thousands were saved and all the Believers met in homes – functioning as house churches. In Jerusalem there would have been hundreds of house churches. The Believers gathered for church in homes – sharing together the “Word, fellowship, breaking bread and prayer… and eating their meals together in gladness” (Acts 2:42, 46; 5:42; 8:3; 12:12; 20:7-8). Paul and his fellow apostles spent over three years in the city of Ephesus, and it was one of their greatest works. Historians said there may have been over 1,000 house churches in Ephesus. There were many house churches in Rome, Priscilla and Aquila’s being one (Rom. 16:3-5). In Colossi, some Christians meet in Nympha’s home (Col. 4:15). Paul writes to Philemon and greets the church that met in his home (Phil. 1:1-2). There are a total 22 places mentioned in the NT where just Believers got together and they were only house churches. Apostles spoke daily in public places, such as the 12 apostles speaking daily in Solomon’s court and the Apostle Paul reasoning daily in the school of Tyrannus and in the marketplaces. But none of these places were considered as church gatherings. They were evangelizing and teaching to reach out to new people in the cities. But when they met with just Believers, in what we call church, they only met in homes – sharing the Word, having fellowship, breaking bread, and praying together (Acts 2:41-46; 20:7-11).

It was not until the 4^th century that Christians stopped having church in homes. Constantine the Great had Christians start meeting in the large buildings previously designed for pagan worship. Then Constantine and his mother Helena started constructing more of the same.

This was NOT Christ and the Apostles NT church plan, design, or model. It was the pagan building model and their worship format. A big stage up front where only the pagan high priest would stand and speak. Big buildings with this model and format were what the Roman Emperor and his mother fostered in all Christians at that time.

And sadly, most spiritual leaders have continued to follow this same unbiblical model and format ever since. It would not be so bad if it was only considered an extracurricular Christian activity today. But the problem is –spiritual leaders today have substituted this pagan model for Christ’s NT church. Sad to say, man’s proud tradition has been to the great detriment of world Christendom.

Church buildings were not the New Testament way or example. That was only the Old Testament model having a large temple building. After church buildings came into effect, the church functions out of necessity became a spectator event instead of a participator event, as was the New Testament house church model, seen in many verses, such as – “When you assemble, each one has a psalm, has a teaching, has a revelation…” (1 Cor. 14:26). Participators grow strong. Spectators grow fat.

New Testament Christians were told “not to forsake our assembling together… to encourage one another” (Heb. 10:25) — “teaching and admonishing one another” (Col. 3:16) — “I myself am convinced, my brothers and sisters, that you yourselves are full of goodness, filled with knowledge and competent to instruct one another” (Rom. 15:14). Rabbis had a saying, “He who teaches learns twice.”

With the New Testament house church model, spiritual leaders multiply, and then house churches multiply. Small house churches are like small rabbits that multiply 100 times faster than any big elephant church.

As persecution of Christians escalates in the last seven years before Jesus returns, the church will be forced back to the house church model as in the Book of Acts, just as it was in China under Mao and in Muslim countries now.