WHERE DID JESUS GO FOR THE THREE DAYS BETWEEN THE CROSS AND THE EMPTY TOMB?

Most people treat those three days as a gap, a pause, a silence between the tragedy of Friday and the miracle of Sunday. They were not silence. What happened during those three days in the unseen realm, in the spiritual dimension that runs beneath everything we can see and touch was the most consequential, and the most deeply personal sequence of events in the entire history of creation.

I am going to show you. three things, each one building on the last, each one more staggering than the one before it. And all three are answers to the same question. Where exactly did Jesus go during those three days? Why did he have to go there? And what did he actually do while he was there?

First, where he went. When Jesus died on that cross on Friday afternoon, His body was sealed in a tomb, but his soul went somewhere. and the Apostles Creed reveals where. If you do not know the Apostles Creed, Google it. There are four words buried inside it that describe the first destination of Jesus after death. Four words that contain one of the most explosive, most liberating truths in all of Christian history. Maybe, you have said them many times. You’ve almost certainly never understood what they were actually telling you about where Jesus went and what the place he descended into actually looked like. Because nobody showed you the map. The ancient world, the world of Abraham, Moses, David, and Jesus himself had a detailed, vivid, specific understanding of what the realm of the dead looked like, what it was divided into, who was there, and why. That map is almost entirely lost to modern Christianity. And without it, those four words are just words. By the end of this presentation, you will have that map. You will know exactly where Jesus went. And you will never say those four words the same way again. Second, why He went to Sheol/Hell. This is the question almost nobody ever answers directly. Why did Jesus, the son of God, whose suffering was finished at the cross, descend into the realm of the dead at all? Why did he go there? What was the reason? And underneath that question is an even deeper one that will reframe everything you think you know about the cross. Why was heaven’s door locked in the first place? Why could Abraham, the father of faith, the man God called his friend, not enter heaven when he died? Why could Moses not? Why could David not? Why could not a single human soul, no matter how righteous, no matter how faithful, no matter how beloved by God, could walk through the gates of heaven, until a single specific, unrepeatable moment in history? What was the lock on that door? And what made the cross, and only the cross, the key that could open it? Jesus went to hell because the door had been locked since the Garden of Eden. And He went there as the only one in all of creation who had just paid the price to unlock it. When you understand this fully, the crucifixion will never look like tragedy to you again. It will look like the greatest unlocking in the history of eternity. And third, what He did while he was there. This is where it becomes almost impossible to believe until you see it with full context. There are two verses in the 27th chapter of Matthew that almost every person who has ever read them has quietly passed over. Most people assume they are symbolic. Most people file them away without fully processing what they actually describe. Those two verses record the visible, physical, publicly witnessed aftermath of what Jesus accomplished during those three days in the realm of the dead. Something so extreme, so documented in the streets of Jerusalem, so undeniable that historians have never been able to fully explain it away. And when you understand what those verses actually record, you will finally understand why a group of men hiding behind a locked door on Saturday in absolute terror became by Sunday morning. People who were willing to die rather than stop talking about what they had witnessed. They were not moved by faith alone. They were moved by something they saw with their own eyes in their own city among people they knew by name. Three promises, three revelations, each one an answer to the title of this presentation. Where Jesus went, why he went, and what he did. Each one building on the last.

Now to understand what happened during those three days, you first need to understand something that the first century Jewish world knew as common knowledge and that modern Christianity has almost completely forgotten. You need to understand how the ancient world, the world of Abraham, of Moses, of David, of Jesus himself understood what happens when a person dies. Because the picture they carried is radically, shockingly different from the clean binary most of us were raised with. Heaven or hell, good or bad. The scriptures do not teach that picture. Not in the Old Testament, not in the New Testament, not in the words of Jesus. The ancient Hebrew word for the realm of the dead was Sheol in Greek. The language of the New Testament and the early church. That same realm was called Hades. And here is what every first century Jew understood instinctively that most modern Christians do not. Sheol/Hades was not reserved for the wicked alone. It was the destination of every human soul that ever died. Righteous and wicked, holy obedient and rebellious. The evidence for this is not subtle. Jacob, the patriarch, the man who wrestled with God and was renamed Israel when he believed his son Joseph had been killed, said simply, “I will go down to Sheol.” Mourning, not, “I will go to a place of punishment.” He expected, as a matter of course, to go to Sheol. David, the man described as after God’s own heart, the greatest king in Israel’s history, the writer of the Psalms, wrote repeatedly about Sheol as the destination of his own soul. In Psalm 16, he cried out, “Do not abandon my soul to Sheol, not do not send me to Sheol as punishment.” He wrote from the understanding that Sheol was where souls go, all souls. And in one of the most haunting moments in all of the Old Testament, when King Saul visited the witch of Endor, and she called up the spirit of the dead prophet Samuel, Samuel rose from Sheol, the righteous prophet, the holy man, from Sheol. Now, pause here because this is where it gets truly extraordinary. If both the righteous and the wicked descended into Sheol, were they all experiencing the same thing? No. And this is where the picture Jesus drew for his listeners becomes something you will not easily forget. Because Sheol was divided, two sides, two entirely different experiences, separated by a chasm so absolute, so permanent that not a single soul in the history of the world had ever crossed it. Jesus described this geography himself in precise deliberate detail in a parable recorded in the 16th chapter of Luke. A wealthy man and a poor man named Lazarus both die. Lazarus is carried by angels to a place the Jewish people called Abraham’s bosom. The warmest, most tender name they knew for the waiting place of the righteous, the father’s chest, the place of sheltered rest. Think of a child exhausted and frightened finally being gathered in against the chest of their father. That is the image. The rich man opens his eyes on the other side of that chasm. Torment, heat, anguish, no comfort. And from there he can see across a void he cannot cross. Abraham and Lazarus resting at his side. He cries out. He begs. He pleads for a warning to be sent to his living brothers. And Abraham answers with eight words that carry the weight of eternity. A great chasm has been fixed between us. Fixed, permanent, irreversible. No crossing, no negotiation, no exceptions. Now Jesus tells this parable with deliberate precision. He is not simply warning against greed. He is handing his listeners a map of the spiritual reality that governed every human death. from Abel, the first man to die, all the way to the cross. And what that map shows is the detail that unlocks everything else we are going to discover today. Even the righteous dead, even Abraham himself, were not in heaven. Read that again. Abraham, the father of faith, the man God called his friend. The man who had left his homeland on the strength of a single divine command and believed promises that stretched further than any human lifetime could reach. Not in heaven, in Abraham’s bosom, yes, but still in Sheol. Still in the realm of the dead, still on the wrong side of a door that had not yet been opened. Still waiting. And so was every other faithful soul who had died before the cross. from Abel to Moses, from Joshua to Elijah, from Isaiah who described the suffering servant with the precision of a prophet who somehow saw it 700 years before it happened to the very last righteous soul who closed their eyes before Good Friday. All of them waiting. But waiting for what? And why? That question, the question of why the door was locked at all. The answer is about to reframe everything. But first, I need to show you what happened to Jesus the moment he died. Because there is a phrase you have been reciting your entire life that is about to tell you something you may never have fully understood until this moment. Think about the Apostles Creed. Between was crucified, died, and was buried. And on the third day, he rose again from the dead. There are four words that most sail past without ever stopping to truly ask what they mean. He descended into hell. Here is what those four words actually mean. Here is what the church has taught about them for 2,000 years. And once you truly understand it, you will feel those four words in a completely different part of yourself. The original Latin of the apostles creed does not say descended in Ghenna, the place of fire and eternal punishment. It says descended into inferos. He descended into the lower regions. The word inferos is identical to Hades in Greek and Sheol in Hebrew. It simply means the realm of the dead, the place beneath, the holding ground of all departed souls. This was the first meaning given in the apostolic preaching to Christ’s descent into hell that Jesus like all men experienced death and in His soul joined the others in the realm of the dead. But He descended there as Saviour. Not as a prisoner, not as a soul. Being punished further for our sins. His suffering was finished at the cross. It is finished meant exactly that. He descended as Saviour. As a king entering territory he came to conquer with purpose, with power, with the completed work of the cross held in his hands like the key to a door that had been sealed for thousands of years. But now we arrive at the deepest question. Why was the door sealed? Why couldn’t righteous souls, faithful, holy souls who loved God, simply enter heaven when they died? What was the lock on the door? Here is the answer. And it begins, as so many things in scripture do, in a garden. When Adam and Eve sinned, when the first human act of disobedience shattered the original communion between humanity and God, something broke that no human being in all of subsequent history possessed the ability to repair. The door between humanity and the full presence of God swung shut. Not because God withdrew his love. Not because he stopped caring for the men and women he had made, but because the fullness of his justice, which is not cruelty, but the deepest expression of his holiness, required a payment for sin that no finite human life could make. Think of it this way. Every human being who ever lived, including the most righteous, the most obedient, the most beloved by God, carried with them the inherited wound of original sin. Not a personal guilt they had earned, but a condition they had been born into. A fracture in human nature that ran all the way back to the garden. Abraham did not earn that fracture, but he carried it. Moses, who spoke with God face to face on Mount Sinai, carried it. David, the man after God’s own heart, carried it. John the Baptist, whom Jesus called the greatest man born of women, carried it. And the full presence of God, the beatific vision, the unveiled face of the father requires a soul that has been completely, infinitely, perfectly reconciled, not mostly reconciled, not mostly forgiven, completely. The debt was real. The debt was infinite in its weight. And no finite human life, however holy, however faithful, could make an infinite payment. So the righteous dead waited. They waited in Abraham’s bosom, in peace, in comfort, in the presence of the patriarchs and the prophets. Not suffering, not forgotten, not abandoned, but waiting. Waiting for a payment they could not make themselves. Waiting for a door they could not open from the inside. Waiting for the fulfilment of a promise that had been made in the very moment their first parents were expelled from Eden. A promise embedded in the words God spoke to the serpent in Genesis 3:15. I will put enmity between you and the woman and between your offspring and hers. He will crush your head. The first prophecy of the Messiah spoken in the garden. In the very moment the door first closed, a promise that the one who would unlock it was already coming. And they waited. Abel, the first human being to die in faith, waited the longest. Then Adam and Eve arrived in Sheol carrying the weight of knowing that it was their act that had started the chain of events that made the weight necessary in the first place. Thousands of years passed. One prophet after another descended into Abraham’s bosom with nothing but the promise and the faith that it would one day be kept. And then on a Friday afternoon in Jerusalem at 3:00 in the afternoon, as the Passover lambs were being slaughtered in the temple, a man hanging on a cross between two criminals cried out in a loud voice, “It is finished,” and bowed his head and breathed his last. The debt was paid in full by the only one in all of creation with infinite worth to offer. The son of God in whom human nature and divine nature were perfectly united. Whose sacrifice therefore carried infinite weight, infinite sufficiency, infinite completeness. The door was unlocked and the one who had just paid the price descended immediately, purposefully as Saviour into the realm of the dead. Now, here is what Jesus said to the dying criminal beside him in his final breaths on the cross. Today, today you will be with me in paradise. Today, the same day, immediately. Which means the moment Jesus’ spirit left his body, he descended into Sheol into Paradise into Abraham’s bosom, carrying the completed, finished, perfect work of the cross directly to the souls who had been waiting for it since the beginning of the world. He descended there as Saviour. The descent into hell brings the gospel message of salvation to complete fulfilment. This is the last phase of Jesus’s messianic mission, the spread of Christ’s redemptive work to all men of all times and all places. The last phase. The mission was not complete at the cross alone. The cross paid the price. The descent delivered it to every soul who had ever lived in faith and died before the payment could be made. This is why Jesus had to descend not as punishment, not as additional suffering, but because a Saviour does not merely pay the ransom from a distance. He goes in person to bring the captives home. And now with the door unlocked and the work of the cross in hand, Jesus did something that almost no preacher ever explains.

Jesus went somewhere first. Before he went to Abraham’s bosom, before he gathered the waiting souls, he went somewhere darker to someone who was not waiting for rescue. And what he said in the darkest place in creation is recorded in one of the most mysterious, most avoided, most theologically explosive passages in the New Testament. And what he did after that, what he said when he turned toward the light, toward the waiting souls, toward thousands of years of patient faith finally about to be rewarded. You are about to hear all of it for the first time with full context, and it will permanently change the way you see the power of the cross. First letter of Peter 3:18-20. Hear every word carefully, every single word is loadbearing. Peter writes, “Christ also suffered once for sins, the righteous for the unrighteous, that he might bring us to God, being put to death in the flesh, but made alive in the spirit, in which he also went and proclaimed to the spirits in prison, who had formerly been disobedient when God’s patience waited in the days of Noah, while the ark was being prepared. He went and proclaimed to the spirits in prison.” Three questions tear open from the middle of that sentence. Who were these spirits? Where was this prison? And what precisely did he proclaim to them? Augustine, called this passage replete with difficulties. Scholars, saints, and church fathers have wrestled with it for 20 centuries. So, let’s build the answer from the ground up carefully. Some interpreters have suggested these spirits were the human souls of those who perished in Noah’s flood. People who heard God’s warning through Noah, rejected it, drowned in judgment, and were now imprisoned in the torment side of Sheol. But this interpretation runs directly into the wall of Hebrews chapter 9 27. It is appointed for man to die once and after that comes judgment. Once then judgment. No second chances. No post-mortem appeals. The decision of this life is irrevocably sealed at death. So Jesus was not offering those spirits salvation or a second chance. The most the text says is that he proclaimed something to them. What then was he proclaiming? And who exactly were these imprisoned spirits? Look at what Peter writes just three sentences later, verse 22, as he describes Jesus ascending to the right hand of the father. Angels, authorities, and powers had been made subject to Him. Powers made subject to Him. The language of conquest, the language of military dominance, the language of a war that has been decisively, permanently won. Now read the letter of Jude verse 6 written by the same apostolic circle in the same generation drawing on the same tradition. The angels who did not keep their own position of authority but abandoned their proper dwelling. These He has kept in eternal chains under gloomy darkness until the judgment of the great day. Chained in darkness in a prison awaiting final judgment. And the connection to Noah explicitly named by Peter echoed in Jude is not decorative. In the ancient Jewish tradition that both apostles were drawing from, these were supernatural beings of enormous ancient power. beings who had transgressed the boundaries of their station in the days before the flood, who had worked against the plan of God for humanity since before the written memory of the world, and who had been imprisoned in the depths of Sheol ever since. Chained, waiting for a judgment they knew was coming. Now Jesus, fresh from the cross, his suffering complete, the debt paid, the victory secured, he descended into the realm of the dead. And he went to their prison first, not to offer mercy, not to negotiate, not to give them a second chance, but to declare, to stand in front of the most ancient, most powerful, most long imprisoned enemies of humanity, and announce face to face in their own domain what the cross had accomplished. The Apostle Paul captures the image perfectly in Colossians 2:15. He disarmed the rulers and authorities and put them to open shame, triumphing over them in him. Triumphing. The Greek word there is the exact word for a Roman military triumph. The ceremony where a victorious general would march his defeated enemies through the streets of Rome in chains, making a public spectacle of their humiliation, announcing to the whole world that the war was over and there was only one outcome. Jesus did that not in the streets of Rome, not before human eyes, in the depths of the spiritual realm, in the prison of the powers that had opposed God’s people since before Noah’s flood. He walked in. He stood before them. He declared his absolute irreversible dominion over everything they had ever tried to destroy. You thought the cross was your victory. It was mine. You are judged, and I hold the keys. Then he turned. He turned away from the darkness and moved toward the light, toward Abraham’s bosom, toward the righteous dead, toward every faithful soul that had been waiting since the beginning of the world. And what happened in that moment? The moment Jesus arrived in the place of waiting. The moment a select group of souls, the souls of Abraham, of Moses, of David, of Isaiah, and other prophets who had died heard His voice. That moment is described in language so beautiful and so precise that it has taken people’s breath away for nearly 20 centuries. and what followed it. What happened in the days surrounding the resurrection recorded in two verses in Matthew 27 that most people have read and quietly almost unconsciously passed over as if they couldn’t possibly mean what they say.

That is where we are going next. What those two verses describe, the physical, documented, publicly witnessed thing that happened in the streets of Jerusalem is the reason a group of terrified men hiding behind a locked door on Saturday were by Sunday morning willing to die for what they had seen.

It is interesting that there is a holy Saturday liturgically in the Catholic church in the Eastern churches in the traditions that preserve the full memory of the Triduum. Holy Saturday is not simply the day before Easter. It is a day of its own. A day with its own theology. A day when the church has for nearly 2,000 years sat in the awareness of what was happening in the unseen realm between the sealed tomb and the empty one. And every year in the office of readings on Holy Saturday, the Catholic Church reads aloud an ancient homily. Nobody knows who wrote it. It has survived for nearly 2,000 years. And what it describes in language so beautiful and so precise that it takes your breath away is the moment Jesus arrived in the place of waiting. I want you to hear part of it now. The homily begins. Today a great silence reigns on earth. A great silence and a great stillness. A great silence because the king is asleep. And then it describes Jesus descending into the realm of the dead, searching, moving through the darkness, looking for someone. And it gives him words. Words the church has proclaimed on Holy Saturday for nearly 20 centuries. He has gone to search for Adam, our first father. As for a lost sheep, he greatly desires to visit those who live in darkness and in the shadow of death. He goes to free from sorrow Adam and Eve captive with him. He says to Adam, “I am your God who for your sake have become your son. I order you, oh sleeper, to awake. I did not create you to be a prisoner in the realm of the dead. Rise from the dead, for I am the life of the dead. Rise from the dead, I am the life of the dead. The first person Jesus came looking for when he entered the place of waiting. The first soul he sought in that vast company of the righteous dead was Adam. The man whose sin had started everything. The man whose act of disobedience in the Garden of Eden had locked the door that Jesus had just died to unlock. the man who had been waiting in Sheol longer than any other human soul in existence. And Jesus came for him first. Not last, not eventually, first. As a shepherd searches for a lost sheep, as a father runs toward a son he sees coming down the road. He found him. He found Abraham who had left on the strength of a promise he never saw completed in his lifetime. Sarah, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Moses, who had spoken with God face to face and died within sight of the promised land. Elijah who had stood on Mount Carmel and called down fire from heaven. Isaiah who had written about the pierced servant 700 years before the crucifixion. David who had written, “You will not abandon my soul to Sheol” and spent his entire life believing those words before they were fulfilled. John the Baptist who had pointed at Jesus in the Jordan River and said, “Behold the Lamb of God,” and was then beheaded in a dungeon and had waited here for the one whose coming he had announced. and the thief on the cross who had said, “Remember me,” just hours before, and was told, “Today you will be with me in paradise,” resting there exactly as promised. Every soul from Abel to that thief, every person who had ever lived and died, trusting in the promise that began in Genesis 3:15, Jesus gathered them all. The Apostle Paul captures this in Ephesians 4:8-10 quoting the ancient Hebrew victory hymn Psalm 68. When he ascended on high, he led a host of captives, a host, not a handful, the vast, indescribable multitude of every righteous soul who had ever died waiting for this moment. Led out, led up, led through the door that the cross had just unlocked. The door that had been sealed since Eden. the door that only infinite love poured out on a cross could have ever opened into the full unveiled eternal face-to-face presence of God. The waiting was over. The debt was paid. The door was open. Heaven received human souls, real ones, named ones, beloved ones, for the first time since the garden was closed.

And then on the third day, something happened in the visible world. The stone was rolled away. The tomb was empty. The body was gone. And Matthew recording what followed in the days surrounding the resurrection writes two verses that most people have passed over their entire Chapter 27:52 and 53. And I need you to hear these as if for the first time because what they describe is not a symbol. It is not a metaphor. It is not poetry. It is a report. The tombs also were opened, and many bodies of a select group of Saints who had fallen asleep were raised. And coming out of the tombs after his resurrection, they went into the holy city and appeared to many. Many bodies of the saints raised, coming out of their tombs, walking into Jerusalem, appearing in person, face to face, recognized to many people. Matthew is writing for an audience in Jerusalem. who knew their neighbours. People who could walk to the houses of the people he was describing. People who could ask. People who had seen. This is the first fruits. This is the visible physical publicly witnessed confirmation that what happened in the unseen realm during those three days was real and that it was exactly what Jesus said it would be. Death had not merely been survived. It had been invaded, conquered from the inside, and its captives had been set free. Now, do you understand why the disciples were unafraid on Sunday morning? They had seen people they knew, people who had died walking through the streets of their city. This was not rumour. This was not religious enthusiasm. This was their neighbours, their families, people with names and faces and histories. And Peter standing before a Jerusalem crowd 50 days later at Pentecost did something no one could refute. He quoted David, “You will not abandon my soul to Sheol.” And then made the argument that silenced the city. David wrote those words, “But David died.” David’s body is still in that tomb. You can walk to it right now. So David was not writing about himself. He was writing about someone whose soul would actually escape Sheol. Someone whose body would not stay in the ground. And then Peter said, “That someone, we saw him. We touched him. He stood in rooms we locked from the inside. He ate with us. He is not in any tomb.” And the crowd Peter was speaking to, many of them had been in Jerusalem weeks earlier. Some of them had seen the raised saints with their own eyes walking recognized in the streets of their own city. This was not a rumour. This was not one man’s testimony. This was a city full of witnesses and not one of them could produce a body. Now, right here is where I need to bring this home to you personally directly because none of this is merely ancient history. Revelation 1 verse 18. The risen Christ speaks to the Apostle John on the island of Patmos. After the cross, after the descent, after the resurrection, after everything, he says, “I am the living one. I died and behold, I am alive forever more. And I have the keys of death and Hades.” The keys. Before the cross, death held those keys. Every soul that died, even the righteous, even the beloved, entered Sheol and could not leave. Death held them. The door held them. The debt held them. But Jesus paid the debt. Jesus walked into death’s territory. Jesus proclaimed his victory to every dark power within it. Jesus gathered every captive who had been waiting since the beginning. Jesus led them home. Jesus walked out. And he came back holding the keys. Death. no longer holds them. He does. Which means this, and I need you to hear this personally. Wherever you are right now, whatever you are carrying. If you belong to Jesus Christ, if you have placed your faith in the one who died and rose, then when your last breath comes, you do not go to a waiting place. Abraham’s bosom has been emptied. The holding room has been cleared, the door is wide open. You go directly immediately into the presence of the Lord. The Apostle Paul wrote those words from a prison cell in Rome with his own execution approaching. He wrote them without grief, without fear, without negotiation. For me to live is Christ, and to die is gain. I desire to depart and to be with Christ, for that is far better. to depart and to be with Christ, not to wait, not to rest in a holding space at the edge of heaven, to be with Christ face to face. This is only possible because of those three days, because of the descent, because of the proclamation, because of the rescue, because of the door that was unlocked by the only payment that could ever have been sufficient. This is why the church has proclaimed at Christian burials for 2,000 years, “Death has been swallowed up in victory. Oh death, where is your victory? Oh death, where is your sting?” This is why the martyrs sang. Not because death didn’t hurt, but because they had seen or heard from witnesses who had seen exactly what was waiting on the other side of it. A Lord who had been there. A Lord who had gone ahead. A Lord who had cleared every obstacle, defeated every power, and was standing at the door with the keys in his hand. Are you afraid of death, your own, someone you love? Are you sitting in grief right now wondering whether the person you lost is truly safely completely held? Then I want you to take the three days seriously. Not just the cross, not just the empty tomb, the three days in between. Because the cross paid the price, but the three days proved the rescue was personal. He didn’t just unlock the door from outside and say, “Go ahead in.” He went in himself. He went to every soul waiting in the dark. He said to Adam, to everyone. I did not create you to be a prisoner here. Rise, come home. And that is what he is saying to everyone who comes to him. Now the door is open. He went first and he is there on the other side waiting. Now I want to leave you with something that has nothing to do with theology. Just a question. One question that every human being who has ever lived has had to face and that most people spend their entire lives trying not to look at directly. What happens to me when I die? Not in the abstract, not as a doctrinal position. Not as a line in a creed you recite on Sunday. What happens to you? your soul. The people you have loved, the losses you have not fully recovered from, the fear that visits you in the quiet moments. What happens to that person when the last breath comes before today? Maybe the honest answer was, I believe something happens. I hope it is good, but I do not fully know. And that uncertainty lives in me like a stone I cannot put down. That is an honest place to be. Most people live there their entire lives. Even people who sit in church every week. But here is what those three days change. Jesus did not rise from the dead and leave us a theology. He left us a testimony. He went to the place every human soul goes after death. He walked through it. He saw it from the inside. He did not send an angel. He did not issue a decree from a safe distance. He descended personally, purposefully as the son of God who had just become the son of man into the same darkness every human being has ever feared. And he came with the keys. Which means the question, “What happens when I die?” is no longer a question you have to answer with hope alone. It is a question that has been answered by someone who has been there, not theorized, not imagined, been there. And what he found on the other side and what he made possible by going is the thing that changes everything about how you live on this side. The people you have lost, if they died in faith, if they trusted the one who holds those keys, they are not in a waiting room. They are not in the dark. They are not suspended somewhere between here and a heaven that has not quite opened for them yet. The door is open. It has been open since the moment Jesus walked out of that tomb. And they went through it held safe, face to face with the one who descended into death specifically so that no soul who trusted him would ever have to face it alone. That is the testimony of a man who died went there and came back holding the proof. So when the fear comes and it will come because you are human and death is real and grief is not something you logic your way out of. I want you to remember not a doctrine. I want you to remember a man walking out of a tomb holding keys that used to belong to death. saying to everyone on this side and to everyone waiting on the other side, the same thing he said to Adam in the dark. I did not create you to be a prisoner here. Rise, come home. That is what those three days were for. That is the gospel in full. And now you understand what happened. He kept the promise.

HOW TO EXPLAIN CREATION TO AN EVOLUTIONIST

Why do so many scientists reject creation—and is that rejection rooted in science itself or in something deeper? This conversation explores how assumptions like naturalism shape what people believe about origins, about truth, and even about the nature of science itself. Dr Robert Carter unpacks why believing in a rational Creator actually makes science possible, and how shifting the conversation from ‘facts’ to ‘worldviews’ can open surprising doors for meaningful dialogue. If you have ever struggled to talk about these things with others, this episode is for you.

This is an important video and will help Christians have effective conversations with agnostics and atheists on creation and evolution.

GOD PROPHESIED A NEW COVENANT FOR ISRAEL INAUGURATED BY JESUS BLOOD

Old Testament Prophecies of the New Covenant

The primary Old Testament prophecy about the new covenant is in Jeremiah 31:31-34 (NKJV):

Behold, the days are coming, says the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and with the house of Judah—not according to the covenant that I made with their fathers in the day that I took them by the hand to lead them out of the land of Egypt, My covenant which they broke, though I was a husband to them, says the Lord. But this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, says the Lord: I will put My law in their minds, and write it on their hearts; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people. No more shall every man teach his neighbour, and every man his brother, saying, ‘Know the Lord,’ for they all shall know Me, from the least of them to the greatest of them, says the Lord. For I will forgive their iniquity, and their sin I will remember no more.

A parallel prophecy appears in Ezekiel 36:26-27 (NKJV), describing the heart transformation:

I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit within you; I will take the heart of stone out of your flesh and give you a heart of flesh. I will put My Spirit within you and cause you to walk in My statutes, and you will keep My judgments and do them.”

These focus on a future covenant with Israel and Judah, emphasizing internal renewal, forgiveness, and God’s Spirit—contrasting the Mosaic covenant.

New Testament Fulfilment and References

The New Testament explicitly links Jesus’ ministry to this new covenant, first prophesied for Israel but extended to all through the gospel.

  • Luke 22:20 (NKJV, at the Last Supper):
    Likewise He also took the cup after supper, saying, ‘This cup is the new covenant in My blood, which is shed for you.‘”
  • Hebrews 8:6-13 (NKJV, quoting Jeremiah 31 fully):
    Key excerpt: “But now He has obtained a more excellent ministry, inasmuch as He is also Mediator of a better covenant, which was established on better promises. For if that first covenant had been faultless, then no place would have been sought for a second… In that He says, ‘A new covenant,’ He has made the first obsolete.” (Full quote of Jer. 31:31-34 follows, declaring the old covenant “ready to vanish away.”)
  • Hebrews 9:15 (NKJV):
    And for this reason He is the Mediator of the new covenant, by means of death, for the redemption of the transgressions under the first covenant, that those who are called may receive the promise of the eternal inheritance.
  • 2 Corinthians 3:6 (NKJV):
    Who also made us sufficient as ministers of the new covenant, not of the letter but of the Spirit; for the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.

These NT passages present Jesus’ blood as inaugurating the new covenant, fulfilling Jeremiah’s promise through atonement, the indwelling Spirit (e.g., Acts 2 at Pentecost), and direct knowledge of God.

This covenant’s ultimate restoration with ethnic Israel is anticipated in Romans 11:26-27 (“All Israel will be saved”), tying back to Isaiah 59:20-21. Exploring Zechariah 12-14 reveals how this unfolds amid end-times restoration.

Jesus Millennial reign on earth does not rest on an isolated passage of the Apocalypse, but all Old Testament prophecy goes on the same view (compare Isa 4:3; 11:9; 35:8).

CENTRAL EVENT OF ALL OF HISTORY

“Christianity, if false, is of no importance, and if true, of infinite importance. The only thing it cannot be is moderately important.”
C. S. Lewis

These words capture, with piercing clarity, the significance of the central event of all history: the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ.

Jesus of Nazareth claimed to be Israel’s longed-for Messiah, the one who would raise those who believed in him from the dead. They would live in resurrected bodies, in his glorious kingdom, forever.

That’s why Jesus said he was the “resurrection and the life” (John 11:25). Bold claims. Huge claims, in fact.

After Jesus was crucified, his disciples — distraught, disoriented, and devastated — lost all hope (Luke 24:21). Their question was brutal and urgent: How could a dead man be “the resurrection and the life”? Dead men don’t do anything, let alone raise others from the dead.

This is why the resurrection is the linchpin of the Christian faith. Without it, everything collapses: No Messiah. No resurrection of believers. No coming kingdom. Nothing.

As Paul powerfully puts it,

If Christ has not been raised, then your faith is useless… all who have died believing in Christ are lost!” (1 Corinthians 15:17–18).

As astounding as it might sound, Jesus’ resurrection is as certain a fact as any other historical event. Be encouraged as apologist Wes Huff presents some of the evidence for Jesus’ resurrection in the video below.

The Resurrection Is Everything

Jesus’ resurrection changes everything. It means: Jesus is the Messiah. His kingdom and our resurrection is certain. God’s love for us is proven by the bloodied, beaten man gruesomely crucified on a Roman cross (Romans 5:8).

Easter presents a unique opportunity to share the risen Saviour with others. Consider this: 40% of Australians say they would attend a church gathering if invited by a trusted friend or family member. That’s hardly surprising, given that over 40% of Australians identify as Christian. The openness is there — we simply need to extend the invitation.

To rephrase evangelist Michael Harvey, let’s pray: “Lord, this Easter, is there someone you want me to connect with outside the church?” What a powerful question to carry into this season.

To equip you in sharing the risen Christ, Canberra Declaration curated a powerful resource by Kurt Mahlburg. The short brochure “10 Reasons to Believe Easter Really Happened” is perfect for handing to friends and family, or placing in letterboxes and on church noticeboards.

REAL MEANING OF EASTER – THE LAMB OF GOD

This is one of the greatest Easter messages I have ever heard and it is all about Jesus, the Lamb of God. You will be blessed greatly by this vide

Jonathan Cahn opens up the most majestic and colossal of biblical mysteries – the mystery of the Lamb – from Genesis to Exodus to Isaiah to the Gospel of John to the Epistles and finally to the Book of Revelation – and then to each of us – amazing and divine!

FINAL NAIL IN COFFIN OF HUMAN EVOLUTION

The final nail in the coffin of human evolution by Dr Robert Carter published 03 Jul, 2025

Humans and chimpanzees are NOT 99% identical, like we have been told for the last 40 years. The real differences are 15 times greater than the now-outdated evolutionary guesses.

The first estimates of human-chimpanzee genetic similarity were made in the 1970s. DNA from the two species was mixed and repeatedly heated and cooled in a test tube. By passing light through the tube, the amount of DNA alignment was estimated by how cloudy the solution became at different temperatures. This gave us the first claims of “98 to 99%” identity.1 John Ahlquist, whom we interviewed in Creation magazine, was one of the main researchers on that project. The problem with this method, he realized, is that it only measured the DNA that would align. Huge areas of dissimilar DNA could exist, and they would not have been able to see it.2

Most evolutionists simply accepted the “98 to 99%” figure without question and it has been broadcast across essentially all media platforms ever since. The only serious challenge came from the creationist community,3 with only an occasional admission from the evolutionary side. In one of those, the author acknowledged the “myth of 1%” and said that the real number is much less.4

Everything seemed to go in circles for a long time. Then evolutionary biologist Dr Richard Buggs wrote a blog post in 2018 where he concluded that less than 85% of the human and chimpanzee genome matched letter-for-letter.5 This was based on a paper he was about to publish with one of his newly minted PhDs, Josiah Seaman.6 That paper seemed to indicated a 96.6% similarity, but that occurs only after cutting out the centromeres, telomeres, all copy number variations, about 300,000 small insertions and deletions (accounting for about two million letters in each genome), and an additional percentage of DNA that resisted alignment.24 Yes, humans and chimpanzees do share a lot of DNA, but when you include what they don’t share, the percent identity drops significantly, into the low 80% range.

New study with complete data

All this prior work (by Drs. Ahlquist, Tomkins, Buggs, etc.) was based on incomplete sequencing. We did not have a fully-sequenced human genome until the summer of 2023,7 let alone a high-quality chimpanzee genome. Indeed, the early versions of the chimpanzee genome were even assembled on a scaffold of the human genome, automatically making them look more human-like. However, a major new study has completed each great ape genome to a very high standard.8 Like the newest human genome, they are (nearly) complete, from one end to the other. Older versions had major gaps, had faked centromere data, and were highly problematic around the numerous repetitive regions. These ‘telomere-to-telomere’ versions solved these problems.

The assembly of these genomes was no trivial matter. Even after all that work, they had to develop a filtering protocol that rejected certain DNA variants, and they had to hand-curate multiple sections that did not ‘behave’.

The alignment was even more difficult. They identified 175 inversions larger than 10,000 nucleotides, one chromosome fusion, and one large translocation.9 They also saw 632 inversions that were unique to one species only.

Analyzing the data

The ‘percent difference’ data are reported in Yoo et al.’s supplemental information (figure 1).

figure1_percent-difference
Figure 1. The percent difference caused by alignment gaps between human and great apes. Each alignment was divided into 1-million-bp segments and the percent difference caused by gaps in that segment was calculated. The curves represent histogram-like (e.g., count) data, and each curve has been normalized to its maximum value (so that the peaks all have the same height). The mean (average) for each curve is denoted by the short vertical lines, and the values are reported in the column of numbers. The curves are often quite skewed, making an ‘average’ more difficult to see, so the authors also reported the median (middle value, circles). hg002 = human, PanTro3 = chimpanzee, PanPan1= bonobo, GorGor1 = gorilla, PonAbe1 = orangutan.

They did not provide any error bars, just the average for each genome pair. They also broke up the data among the autosomes and the X and Y chromosomes. The blue bulges on the right in figure 1 represent giant gaps in the Y chromosome alignment. The purple bulges on the bottom represent the differences found among the two genome copies within the same individual. I worked up their data to get a complete estimate of divergence between the species (figure 2).

figure2_calculations
Figure 2. Genome similarity calculations. The data for gap and SNV divergence for the autosomes and X and Y chromosomes were tabulated. The differences were summed and then combined using the proportional lengths of the three chromosome types in the different species. The human-to-ape and the reverse calculations are not identical due to the presence or absence (depending on which way you are looking) of many alignment gaps.

From that, it was possible to generate a bar chart that showed the within- and among-species differences (figure 3).

figure3_data-summary2
Figure 3. Final data summary. Orange: within-species difference. Dark blue: human to ape. Light blue: ape to human.

99%? Not even close!

This is a big deal. First, many commentators have claimed this proves that the human and chimpanzee genomes are only about 85% identical.10,11,12 They are spot on, but you would not know that from the major headlines. Nor can you easily find the information in the published paper. Instead, you must drill down into more than 100 pages of detailed supplementary information to find the relevant information.

Second, creationist researchers like Dr Jeffrey Tomkins have been vindicated. While the earlier studies were stymied by a lack of trustable sequence data, the newest genomes show how different we are from all apes.

However, third, there are vast stretches of sequence that are nearly identical between humans and chimpanzees. At random, I found one that stretched for several hundred thousand bases and was nearly 99% identical.13Our opponents will misdirect and obfuscate to their dying breath.

Fourth, our opponents will misdirect and obfuscate to their dying breath. Case in point, in a recent video a commentator named Gutsick Gibbon claimed that I agree with her about human-chimpanzee similarity.14 No, while I agree with her that Tomkins is human and made mistakes (I have also pointed out glaring mistakes in her work and several errors in my work as well15), I do not agree with her that humans and chimpanzees are highly similar.

Fifth, God could have created us 99.9999% identical to chimps, or he could have made us 50% identical, or even less. The biblical creation model makes no prior claim on this. We should expect a high similarity because of the obvious structural, behavioural, physiological, and nutritional similarities between us. But how much? Nobody can know! Note that the evolutionary community was also unable to come up with an estimate before the numbers were run. They have no prior commitment to which ape species would be more like us. The debate about which species was more genetically like us lasted until the 1980s. Many people wanted orangutans to win and resisted the notion that chimps were our evolutionary cousins. Some paleontologists were arguing for the primacy of orangutans as late as 2009, although by that point they were a very small minority.16

The four numbers

Finally, there are four things that we need to know:

  1. What is the percent similarity among the parts that align?
  2. What is the percent similarity when you include the parts that don’t?
  3. How many mutations must have occurred over evolutionary time to account for these differences?
  4. How long would it take to functionally integrate new mutations into the genome?

The answer to the first question is now known: about 98%. The answer to the second question is also now known: about 85%. That third question is now where the debate should be, and the fourth question might be the biggest Achilles’ heel of all for evolutionary theorists.

The evolutionary model here is unlike ours in that it is ‘one-tailed’. They will gladly accept high similarity levels, but there is a cliff on the other side of the argument. If we are too dissimilar, they cannot explain the differences in their 6.5 million years. They do have the ability to back up the time to the most recent common ancestor, but even that ability is limited. A few years ago, some scientists were arguing for 13 million years.17 Some wanted to push the time even further back, but the paleontologists would have none of that because that would necessitate putting early apes in with the dinosaurs. They are stuck. The difference must be low. Period.

How much ‘difference’ can they explain?

Given an evolutionary conveyor belt of new mutations entering in, old mutations being removed by selection and drift, and really old mutations going to ‘fixation’ (i.e., 100%), they expect the mutation rate to approximate the fixation rate.

Here’s how the calculations work out:

  • Given a haploid mutation rate μ, the number of new mutations per generation is simply 2Nμ, where N is the population size.18
  • For a new neutral mutation, the probability of fixation is proportional to its frequency in the population. Since there are 2N copies of the genome in the population, and since, by definition, a new mutation starts in one copy of one chromosome, the frequency of that mutation is 1/(2N).19 The rate of fixation (r) would be proportional to the number of mutations that appear (2Nμ).
  • Thus, r = 2Nμ / 2N = μ

If the mutation rate is 100 per individual per generation, that equates to 50 mutations per haploid genome per generation.20 They would thus expect the human genome to accumulate 50 fixed differences per generation.21 Over 6.5 million years (~300,000 generations), they would expect 15 million differences between each species and our common ancestor, or about 30 million differences between us and them today.

30 million differences / 3 billion letters = 1%

THIS is why they have been quoting that 1% figure all these years, and this is why they have been resisting anything else. If the number is much greater, things do not work out in their favor. When the difference grows past that level, their models break down. It is simply too hard to explain so many differences, even in their ‘millions of years’ mindset.

But even a 15% difference could still be explained if large insertions and deletions cause sudden changes. Consider that the chimp Y chromosome is only half as long as the human Y. Does that amount to 30 million differences, or one? For example, if a single deletion erased the heterochromatic arm of the chimp Y chromosome, a 0.5% difference between our two genomes would instantly appear. What other large changes could be effected by such things?

Yet, we are not talking about changes in ‘junk DNA’. Multiple functional genes are in the unaligned regions. Even though about 99% of human genes are found in the other species, Yoo et al. found 185 gene families unique to humans and from around 1,400 to 2,000 gene copy-number differences among the species.22 True, many of the duplicated areas deal with highly repetitive, non-coding DNA, but these areas have increasingly proved to be functional, as we and others have pointed out many times.23 There are also fully-functional genes in these areas, specifically ones that deal with brain function.24 About 55% of each genome, on average, is composed of repetitive elements (LINEs, SINEs, LTRs, etc.).25 These, too, are proving to have functions, so they cannot be ignored in any comparison.

Given many millions of point mutations and tens of thousands of insertions, deletions, inversions, and duplications, can they explain this in an evolutionary context? They can explain some in their models, but those models are often quite simplistic (like the equations above). Random mating is a critical assumption, but it is never true, and non-random mating only slows down how fast new variants spread. There are also questions about population growth and how it affects all calculations. Given that the human population has been expanding (since the Flood or since the invention of agriculture, take your pick), ZERO genetic variants have become fixed in the human genome for the last 10,000 years in the evolutionary timeline. How does ‘no evolution for 10,000 years’ affect the evolutionary forecast?The ‘fact’ that they have been trumpeting from the rooftops since the 1970s turns out to be no fact at all. The real difference is NOT 1%. No, it is 15x greater.

But the fourth question above is perhaps the most fundamentally important question in evolution. Why? Because evolution needs new genes to arise and activate. Humans and chimpanzees do not just differ at the nucleotide level. Our genes are not used in the same ways and our brains have very different wiring pathways. Those changes would not just have to arise. No, they would have to arise, spread out and replace whatever original gene was in that place, and then integrate themselves into the already complex regulatory processes that exist.

This is a massive problem, even for the “1%” crowd. Now that we know the human and chimpanzee genomes are more than 10 times more different than they thought, the problem of evolution only becomes that much more difficult. This is one of the greatest scientific discoveries that supports the biblical creation model. It does not mean, however, that evolutionists will never be able to explain what we see. It does mean, though, that they will be scrambling for cover. The ‘fact’ that they have been trumpeting from the rooftops since the 1970s turns out to be no fact at all. The real difference is NOT 1%. No, it is 15x greater.

  1. See the discussion in Carter, R.W., Reassessing human–chimpanzee genetic similarityJ. Creation 38(1):93–103, 2024. Return to text.
  2. This was one of the things that broke the Darwinian mindset and caused him to turn to the Bible. See Wieland, M., Convert to creation: Margaret Wieland interviews bird expert and former renowned evolutionist Dr Jon AhlquistCreation 40(3):36–39, 2018. Return to text.
  3. Tomkins, J. and Bergman, J., Genomic monkey business—estimates of nearly identical human–chimp DNA similarity re-evaluated using omitted dataJ. Creation 26(1):94–100, 2012. See ref. 1 for a fuller list of citations. Return to text.
  4. Cohen, J., Relative differences: the myth of 1%, Science 316(5833):1836, 2007. Return to text.
  5. Buggs, R., How similar are human and chimpanzee genomes?, richardbuggs.com, 14 Jul 2018. Return to text.
  6. Seaman, J. and Buggs, R., FluentDNA: nucleotide visualization of whole genomes, annotations, and alignments, Frontiers in Genetics 11:292, 2020. Return to text.
  7. Rhie, A. et al., The complete sequence of a human Y chromosome, Nature 621(7978):344–354, 2023. Return to text.
  8. Yoo, D. et al., Complete sequencing of ape genomes, Nature 641(8062):401–418, 2025. Return to text.
  9. Yoo et al., ref. 7, supplementary information, p. 101. Return to text.
  10. Luskin, C, Letter to the Smithsonian: Correct your signage on human-chimp genetic similarity!, evolutionnews.org, 27 May 2025. Return to text.
  11. Buggs, R., How much of a human genome is identical to a chimpanzee genome?, richardbuggs.com, 6 May 2025. Return to text.
  12. Tomkins, J.P., Chimp genome markedly different from human, icr.org, 29 May 2025. Return to text.
  13. Carter, R.W., Reassessing human–chimpanzee genetic similarityJ. Creation 38(1):93–103, 2024. Return to text.
  14. Gutsick Gibbon, I killed this creationist argument, youtube.com, 28 May 2025. Return to text.
  15. Carter, R., James 3 vs. the anticreationists, biblicalgenetics.com, 16 Jan 2024; youtube.com/watch?v=FIY7FTTFZyg. Return to text.
  16. Grehan, J.R. and Schwartz, J.H., Evolution of the second orangutan: phylogeny and biogeography of hominid origins, J. Biogeogr. 36(10):1823–1844, 2009. Return to text.
  17. Venn, O. et al., Strong male bias drives germline mutation in chimpanzees, Science 344(6189):1272–1275, 2014. Return to text.
  18. The formula includes a “2” because the genome is diploid. The mutation rate is usually given as the haploid mutation rate, for historical reasons. Return to text.
  19. Again, a 2 is in the denominator because there are two copies of the genome per individual in diploid species. Return to text.
  20. The classic neutral theory formula r = μ applies when μ is the per-site mutation rate. When Kimura derived this result, he was showing that at any given nucleotide position, the rate of neutral substitution equals the mutation rate at that site. However, when one multiplies both sides of r = μ by the genome size, the exact same number is reached, especially since we started with the per-haploid genome mutation rate (i.e., the sum of the per-site mutation rates * number of sites). Thus, the relationship r = μ scales directly. I applied the principle at the genome level rather than the per-site level because the question was about the rate of fixation across a species. Return to text.
  21. Given random mating, which never happens, and a stationary population size, which is clearly not true for humans. Without these assumptions the evolutionary model cannot deliver even a 1% difference. Return to text.
  22. Yoo et al., ref. 7, supplementary information pp. 66–67. Return to text.
  23. See our ‘Vestigial’ Organs Questions and AnswersReturn to text.
  24. Kuderna, L., Complete ape genomes offer a close-up view of human evolution, Nature 641(8062):313–314, 2025. Return to text.
  25. Yoo et al., ref. 7, supplementary information p. 78. Return to text.

JESUS NEVER CELEBRATED EASTER!

 The Last Supper was a Passover meal. The 1st April, 2026 (Hebrew 15th of Nissan, 5786) is the start of the Passover feast. So, let’s explore the awesome parallels between Passover and the Last Supper.

The Passover feast described in Exodus 12 stands as one of the most pivotal events in the Bible, marking God’s dramatic deliverance of Israel from Egyptian slavery. Centuries later, during the same festival, Jesus Christ gathered His disciples for the Last Supper before His crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension.

Parallel and Linked Accounts

Recorded in Luke 22, Matthew 26, and Mark 14, this meal reinterprets ancient symbols in light of His impending death. Both occasions involve a sacrificial lamb, protective blood, unleavened bread, and a commanded remembrance. Jewish tradition views Passover as an enduring commemoration of physical liberation and national identity, while we know the Last Supper as the fulfilment of Passover in the new covenant through Christ. Examining these accounts reveals striking parallels that bridge Old Testament shadow and New Testament substance.

Exodus 12 details the original Passover with precise instructions. On the tenth day of the first month, each Israelite household was to select “a lamb for his family, one for each household” (Exodus 12:3). The animal had to be “year-old males without defect” (Exodus 12:5). At twilight on the fourteenth day, the community slaughtered the lambs. Blood was applied “on the sides and tops of the doorframes” (Exodus 12:7).

That night, families ate the roasted meat “along with bitter herbs, and bread made without yeast” (Exodus 12:8), dressed for travel and “in haste” (Exodus 12:11). The blood served as a sign: “When I see the blood, I will pass over you. No destructive plague will touch you” (Exodus 12:13). God struck Egypt’s firstborn, but spared Israel.

The chapter closes with a lasting command: “This is a day you are to commemorate; for the generations to come you shall celebrate it as a festival to the Lord—a lasting ordinance” (Exodus 12:14). Additional rules included eating inside the house and leaving “none of the bones” broken (Exodus 12:46). Thus, Passover became an annual reminder of redemption from bondage, God’s deliverance, and God’s covenants.

New Testament Understanding

The Gospels place Jesus’ final meal squarely within this same festival. Luke records: “Then came the day of Unleavened Bread on which the Passover lamb had to be sacrificed” (Luke 22:7). Jesus sent Peter and John to prepare “the Passover” in an upper room (Luke 22:8-13).

During the meal He declared, “I have eagerly desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer(Luke 22:15). Matthew and Mark echo the timing: “On the first day of the Festival of Unleavened Bread… the disciples… asked, ‘Where do you want us to make preparations for you to eat the Passover?’” (Matthew 26:17; cf. Mark 14:12). The setting is unmistakably the traditional Jewish Passover seder (order of service).

At the table, Jesus transformed two central elements. In all three accounts He took bread, gave thanks, broke it, and said, “This is My body” (Matthew 26:26Mark 14:22Luke 22:19). Luke adds the command, “Do this in remembrance of Me” (Luke 22:19).

Then He took the cup: “This is My blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins” (Matthew 26:28); “This is My blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many” (Mark 14:24); and in Luke, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood, which is poured out for you” (Luke 22:20). The language deliberately echoes the Exodus deliverance while pointing forward to Jesus’ crucifixion the next day.

Clear Parallels

Six clear parallels emerge when the texts are set side by side.

  • First, the sacrificial lamb. Exodus required an unblemished male lamb slain at twilight; Jesus is crucified at the hour Passover lambs were killed. Christian readers note the unbroken bones (Exodus 12:46; fulfilled in John 19:36) and the title “Lamb of God” applied to Jesus elsewhere.
  • Second, protective blood. Israelite doorposts marked with lamb’s blood spared families from death. Jesus explicitly links the cup to “forgiveness of sins” and the “new covenant”, portraying His blood as the ultimate sign that averts divine judgment on sin.
  • Third, unleavened bread. Matzah symbolised haste and affliction in Egypt. Jesus breaks the bread and declares it His body “given for you,” inviting ongoing participation as a memorial of His broken body.
  • Fourth, the shared meal of remembrance. Passover is usually eaten in family groups as a perpetual ordinance. Jesus commands, “Do this in remembrance of me,” shifting the focus from Egypt to Calvary while retaining the communal and ritual character. God wants us in His family.
  • Fifth, deliverance from bondage. Passover celebrated freedom from Pharaoh’s slavery. The Last Supper announces liberation from sin and death through the “new covenant”, echoing Jeremiah 31:31-34.
  • Sixth, future hope. Exodus 12 points to the Promised Land; Jesus speaks of fulfilment “in the kingdom of God” (Luke 22:1618), anticipating His messianic banquet.

Jewish Tradition

Jewish tradition continues to celebrate Passover as a living link to the Exodus. The holiday, called Pesach (“to pass over”), commemorates emancipation from Egyptian slavery. Families gather for the Seder—a fifteen-step ritual meal guided by the Haggadah. Central elements include four cups of wine (symbolising stages of redemption), matzah, bitter herbs (maror) recalling slavery, and the retelling of the Exodus story.

The youngest child asks the Four Questions, and the door is opened for the prophet Elijah, expressing hope for future redemption. Scripture commands parents to explain the ceremony to their children (Exodus 12:26-27). For Jews, Passover remains a festival of freedom (Hag ha-Herut), national identity, and divine mercy, observed annually without reference to any later messianic figure.

Christian Understanding

Christian theology, by contrast, sees the Last Supper as the deliberate fulfilment of Passover. Jesus, celebrating the ancient rite, reorients its symbols toward Himself. The apostle Paul later writes, “Christ, our Passover lamb, has been sacrificed” (1 Corinthians 5:7).

Theologians describe the event as a “new exodus”, where Jesus enacts the ultimate substitutionary sacrifice. The command to “do this in remembrance” birthed the Christian practice of Communion or the Eucharist, celebrated regularly (we take Communion almost daily) rather than once a year.

While Protestants typically view the bread and cup as symbolic or spiritually present, Catholics and Orthodox traditions speak of real presence. Yet across all denominations, the Last Supper is understood as instituting the new covenant promised in Jeremiah, where God’s people are freed not from earthly tyrants but from the power of sin.

Summary

The two communities, therefore, interpret the same biblical roots differently. Judaism treasures Passover as an unchanging memorial of the Exodus, reinforcing covenant faithfulness and hope for final redemption. Christianity regards the Last Supper as the moment when the old Passover reached its telos in Christ’s death and resurrection, transforming an annual shadow into a perpetual sacrament of grace. Believers in both faiths eat, drink, and remember deliverance, but Christians know Jesus Himself as the Lamb whose blood secures eternal passage from death to life.

Finally, Exodus 12 and the Gospel accounts of the Last Supper stand in profound continuity. The ancient ritual of lamb, blood, bread, and haste becomes, in Jesus’ hands, the announcement of a greater exodus. Jewish observance keeps alive the story of national birth; Christian observance proclaims the story of universal redemption. Together they testify to a God who delivers His people through sacrifice and calls every generation to remember.

Through Jesus’ sacrifice, we have God’s love, deliverance, healing, salvation, forgiveness, and eternal life. This is why we celebrate communion.

Here is Barry McGuire’s beautiful communion song. You can take communion whilst playing this and allow God to help you grasp the awesomeness of Jesus’ sacrifice.

WHAT IS THE MARK OF THE BEAST?

Professor John Lennox is always a joy to listen to as I always learn something new and valuable. This video on the Mark of the Beast is one of the best lectures I have heard so I am keen to pass it on as I know my followers will be blessed by it.

Most Christians have spent decades worrying about a microchip. Prof. John Lennox argues they’ve been looking in the wrong direction entirely — and that the real danger is already inside your pocket, your home, and your daily routine.
In this powerful lecture, Oxford mathematician and Christian apologist Professor John C. Lennox delivers a rigorously argued, scripturally grounded case that the Mark of the Beast described in Revelation 13 is not a future technology — it is a present spiritual reality that is quietly reshaping human consciousness, eroding the capacity for worship, and replacing God with a system that most people have already surrendered to without realising it.
Drawing on the original Greek text of Revelation, the writings of C.S. Lewis, Blaise Pascal, and Albert Borgmann, and cutting-edge research from Microsoft, the University of Pennsylvania, and former Google design ethicist Tristan Harris — Lennox makes an argument that is equal parts scholarly, prophetic, and deeply personal.
This is not a conspiracy theory. This is one of the most respected Christian intellectuals alive today reading one of the most misread passages in the entire Bible — and arriving at a conclusion that will challenge how you think about faith, technology, attention, and what it means to worship in the 21st century.

GOD TENDS TO MAKE OUR TOTAL INABILITY HIS STARTING POINT

Indeed, our utter incapacity is often the prop He delights to use for His next act. It is one of the principles of Yahweh’s modus operandi. When His people are without strength, without resources, without hope, without human gimmicks—then He loves to stretch forth His hand from heaven. Once we see where God often begins, we will understand how we may be encouraged.

Think about how Isaac was brought into existence. God waited until it was impossible for Abraham and Sarah to produce offspring. Abraham was 100, and whilst we don’t know Sarah’s age, we do know she was barren and now of great age. What about the prophet Samuel? His mother Hannah was barren. Look at her prayer:

She was deeply distressed and prayed to the Lord and wept bitterly. And she vowed a vow and said, “O Lord of hosts, if you will indeed look on the affliction of your servant and remember me and not forget your servant, but will give to your servant a son, then I will give him to the Lord all the days of his life, and no razor shall touch his head.” (1 Samuel 1:10-11)

They rose early in the morning and worshipped before the Lord; then they went back to their house at Ramah. And Elkanah knew Hannah his wife, and the Lord remembered her. And in due time Hannah conceived and bore a son, and she called his name Samuel, for she said, “I have asked for him from the Lord.” (1 Samuel 1:19-20)

Wow, that is amazing stuff, and I encourage you to read the chapter in full. So many things stand out here. One, we see it was God who had prevented Hannah from conceiving – at least at first. Two, she cried out to the Lord, asking Him to ‘remember’ her and not ‘forget’ her. Three, God did as she asked, and He did indeed ‘remember’ her – not by overcoming His own ‘forgetfulness,’ but by hearing her plea and taking action.

That should be of great encouragement to us all. Of course, this is not some name-it-and-claim-it passage if you happen to be infertile. What God did for Hannah was special, and served a special purpose in His overall plans. Yes, infertile couples can pray and ask God for help, but it is He who ultimately knows what is best and how we should proceed.

A few comments from others are helpful here. As to how God remembers and acts, John Woodhouse remarks:

Just as the Lord had “remembered” Noah in the days of the flood, Abraham when he destroyed Sodom, Rachel when she conceived Joseph, and His covenant with Abraham in the days of Moses (Genesis 8:119:2930:22Exodus 2:246:5; cf. Numbers 10:9), so He “remembered” Hannah. Whenever God “remembered” His people, it led to His action on their behalf. We will not be mistaken if we expect that His remembering Hannah will involve His remembering His people Israel. He rebirthed the nation miraculously in 1948 and has been regathering Jews from all around the world. We can be certain that God will fulfill the covenants: 1, made with Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, 2. made with David and 3. the new covenant

Recall how 1 Samuel follows immediately after the book of Judges, with all its woeful misery and chaos. Israel was in desperate need of a real leader, and Samuel would become that man. And for this turning point in Israel’s history, God would use a barren woman! Says Woodhouse:

First Samuel 1 points us to a most unexpected starting point for the answer that God is going to provide for the leadership crisis. Who would have looked twice at miserable, sobbing Hannah for the answer to Israel’s crisis? We expect to find answers from the powerful. Hannah was not powerful. Her family were “nobodies.” The point of her story, however, is that God cares.

Does God care? Yes, He cared about the leadership of his people Israel and gave Hannah a son. Yes, He cares about the leadership of the world and of us. Hannah’s son will be surpassed by Mary’s son. God’s care for us all finds its fullest expression in Jesus Christ. If you belong to Him you can learn to “cast all your anxieties on Him, because He cares for you” (1 Peter 5:7).

God Begins Where We End

I quite like how Dale Ralph Davis picks up this theme:

Hannah, therefore, shares in a fellowship of barrenness. And it is frequently in this fellowship that new chapters in Yahweh’s history with His people begin—begin with nothing. God’s tendency is to make our total inability His starting point. Our hopelessness and our helplessness are no barrier to His work.

Indeed, our utter incapacity is often the prop He delights to use for His next act. This matter goes beyond the particular situations of biblical barren women. We are facing one of the principles of Yahweh’s modus operandi. When His people are without strength, without resources, without hope, without human gimmicks—then He loves to stretch forth His hand from heaven. Once we see where God often begins, we will understand how we may be encouraged.

He goes on to speak about Hannah’s prayer:

This is no piddly little affair – this is a manifestation of the way Yahweh rules and will bring His kingdom (vv. 5b,8). Hannah’s relief is a sample of the way Yahweh works (vv. 4-8) and of the way He will work when He brings His kingdom in its fullness (vv. 9-10). The saving help Yahweh gave Hannah is a foretaste, a scale-model demonstration of how Yahweh will do it when He does it in grand style.

Each one of Christ’s flock should ingest this point into his or her thinking. Every time God lifts you out of the miry bog and sets your feet upon a rock is a sample of the coming of the kingdom of God, a down payment of the full deliverance, the macro-salvation that will be yours at last.

True, such tiny salvations are only samples or signs of the final salvation…[Y]ou should not despise or demean these little salvations Yahweh works in your behalf, these little clues He gives, these clear but small evidences He leaves that He is king and that He has this strange way of raising up the poor from the dust and lifting the needy from the ash heap to make them sit in the heavenly realms with Jesus Christ. Ponder every episode of Yahweh’s saving help to you…

The Power of Prayer in God’s Sovereign Plan

Richard D. Phillips discusses the afflictions of Hannah, and what we can learn from them:

Rather than assuming some unholy, spiteful, or condemning purpose in God’s afflictions, believers need to remember that God is holy, so all His deeds are holy; God is good, so He intends our sorrows for good; and God is filled with mercy for the brokenhearted.

God does not seek to destroy us through our trials but to save us through our trials. As Hannah herself would later testify: “He raises up the poor from the dust; He lifts the needy from the ash heap” (1 Sam. 2:8) So if God is the One who closed the womb, we should take heart, since He can surely also open it.

In Hannah’s case, God was using her plight to orchestrate Israel’s deliverance from the dark era of the judges. This was a cause dear to Hannah’s heart, as we know from the song she later lifted up to God’s praise (1 Sam. 2:10).

We may never know how God has worked through our most bitter trials to bring others to salvation, to equip us with sensitivity in ministry to others, or even to launch a significant gospel advance. But we do know God, and we know from His Word that “for those who love God all things work together for good” (Rom. 8:28). So we can have confidence in God’s purposes in our lives.

He goes on to say this about the importance of prayer:

Not only does prayer change us, but prayer changes things. God is pleased to act in response to our prayers. Some people react to the knowledge of God’s sovereignty by thinking that prayer therefore does not matter, since God has decided everything in advance. Hannah did not reason this way, but understood that God’s sovereign will is achieved through the acts of men and women, especially our prayers.

John Woodhouse comments that her turning to the Lord “will turn out to change not only her life but the life of the nation, and indeed… the history of the world.” He adds, “Faith in God, therefore, leads us in our troubles to pray to the God who is sovereign over all things.”

All this is encouraging good news. The next time you find yourself on the ash heap, and you are questioning if God has forgotten you or has abandoned you, just bear in mind that He knows all about you and your situation, He hears your prayers, and He will act. He remembers us, and He acts accordingly.

Adapted from the article by Bill Muehlenberg, Good News: God Remembers Us – The Daily declaration, 19th March 2026

CAN AI EXTEND THE HUMAN LIFESPAN?

We’re Entering the “Longevity Singularity”

At the recent Abundant Summit, Peter Diamandis on Day 3 introduced the concept: **Longevity Singularity** = the moment we KNOW we’re extending healthy human lifespan, not just guessing.

Leading researchers at Harvard and other institutions have made the case: “Our generation is going to witness aging become optional. Your body is more like a computer that can be programmed, reprogrammed, and rebooted to be young again.”

Translation: Aging isn’t wear and tear. It’s **information loss** at the cellular level. If you can restore the information (epigenetic reprogramming), you can restore youth.

Labs around the world have been proving this for 20 years. They’ve reversed aging in mice. Made old cells young again. Restored vision in blind mice by rewinding cellular age. It works.

Implication: The question isn’t IF we can reverse aging. It’s WHEN it becomes safe/scalable for humans. Leading researchers think we’re **2-5 years away** from first FDA-approved epigenetic reprogramming therapies.

From a Biblical perspective, we know that Adam and Eve were created by God to live forever. As a result of SIN, God took the Holy Spirit from them immediately. We know from Proverbs “The spirit of man is the lamp of the Lord,” A lamp requires oil to function which is the Holy Spirit. When we accept Jesus as our Lord and Saviour, God sends the Holy Spirit to indwell our spirit so it can function once again as the lamp of the Lord. We also know that the Tree of Life was essential for longevity because Adam and Eve were banished from the garden so they could not continue to eat of the Tree of Life “and live forever“. We also know that the preflood humans lived for almost 1000 years. After the flood God reduced our lifespan to a maximum of 120. Can humans with AI reverse that change. Perhaps they can. I am reminded what God said about the pre-Babel people: “Behold, they are one people, and they have all one language, and this is only the beginning of what they will do. And nothing that they propose to do will now be impossible for them.” Genesis 11:6. This is just another reason why Jesus needs to return to restore righteousness.

2. AI + Biology = The Fastest Drug Discovery Engine Ever Built

Day 3 showcased how AI is revolutionizing longevity therapeutics discovery. Major biotech firms and research institutions are using AI systems that “self-play the game of increasing longevity.”

What does that mean? Traditional drug discovery:

• Human scientists hypothesize → test → fail → repeat

• 10-15 years per drug

• 90% failure rate

• $2 billion per successful drug

AI-powered approach:

• AI generates millions of hypotheses simultaneously

• Tests them in silico (computer simulation) instantly

• Only moves winners to wet-lab testing

• Collapses 10 years → 18 months

Leading institutions explained: “We’re not just using AI to help scientists. We’re letting AI self-play across as many different formats as possible to discover what actually works.”

The result? These AI systems have already identified longevity therapeutic candidates that wouldn’t have been found by human researchers for decades.

Implication: The pace of longevity breakthroughs is about to go **exponential**. What took 20 years will take 2 years. What took 2 years will take months.

3. True Longevity Therapeutics Work Everywhere (Not Just One Cell Type)

Leading researchers made a critical distinction most people miss:

**Fake longevity therapeutic:** Works in one cell type (liver cells, skin cells, etc.). Makes good headlines. Doesn’t actually extend lifespan.

**Real longevity therapeutic:** Works throughout the ENTIRE body. Crosses blood-brain barrier. Reaches every tissue. Coordinates systemic rejuvenation.

Why this matters: Your body has ~37 trillion cells across 200+ cell types. If your “longevity drug” only works in hepatocytes (liver cells), you’re not reversing aging—you’re treating liver disease.

The therapies being developed (epigenetic reprogramming via gene therapy) are **systemic**. One treatment. Whole body. This is why they’re so hard to develop—but also why they’ll be civilization-changing once they work.

Implication: Stop chasing supplements that “improve mitochondrial function in muscle tissue.” Wait for (or invest in) therapies that reprogram your entire biological age.

4. Longevity Will Be Affordable (Not Just for Billionaires)

Peter asked the question everyone’s thinking: “Is this just for the ultra-wealthy?” Researchers’ answer: **”A couple hundred bucks a month.”** Here’s why longevity therapeutics will be cheap: • Gene therapy is one-time or infrequent dosing (not daily pills) • Manufacturing costs drop exponentially (same curve as genome sequencing) • Market size is EVERYONE (8 billion potential customers = economies of scale) • Governments/insurance will subsidize (because healthy people are cheaper than sick people) Compare to current costs: • Fountain Life whole-body scan: ~$20K/year • Rapamycin + NAD+ + supplements: ~$500/month • Future epigenetic therapy: ~$200/month Implication: Longevity escape velocity won’t be a billionaire’s club. It’ll be as accessible as smartphones within a decade.

5. The Convergence: AI + Robotics + Longevity = Warp Speed

Peter dropped this line:

“I am SO excited about the intersection of advanced superintelligence, robotics, and longevity. There’s a convergence in those three things that’s gonna put us into warp speed.”

Here’s the convergence:

**AI discovers longevity therapeutics** → Humans live 20-30 years longer → More time to build/innovate → Deploy armies of robots to execute → Robots handle physical labor → Humans focus on moonshots → Moonshots accelerate AI → AI discovers better longevity therapeutics → Positive feedback loop

This is why Peter structured the summit this way: Day 1 (AI) → Day 2 (Robots) → Day 3 (Longevity). These aren’t separate trends. They’re **one interlocking system**.

Leading researchers framed it: “Once you can fly, everything changes. Same with longevity. Once we prove we can reverse aging, the entire conversation shifts.”

Implication: The 2030s won’t just be the decade of AI or robots or longevity. It’ll be the decade when all three converge to create a world unrecognizable from 2026.