FINAL NAIL IN COFFIN OF HUMAN EVOLUTION

Posted on by

The final nail in the coffin of human evolution by Dr Robert Carter published 03 Jul, 2025

Humans and chimpanzees are NOT 99% identical, like we have been told for the last 40 years. The real differences are 15 times greater than the now-outdated evolutionary guesses.

The first estimates of human-chimpanzee genetic similarity were made in the 1970s. DNA from the two species was mixed and repeatedly heated and cooled in a test tube. By passing light through the tube, the amount of DNA alignment was estimated by how cloudy the solution became at different temperatures. This gave us the first claims of “98 to 99%” identity.1 John Ahlquist, whom we interviewed in Creation magazine, was one of the main researchers on that project. The problem with this method, he realized, is that it only measured the DNA that would align. Huge areas of dissimilar DNA could exist, and they would not have been able to see it.2

Most evolutionists simply accepted the “98 to 99%” figure without question and it has been broadcast across essentially all media platforms ever since. The only serious challenge came from the creationist community,3 with only an occasional admission from the evolutionary side. In one of those, the author acknowledged the “myth of 1%” and said that the real number is much less.4

Everything seemed to go in circles for a long time. Then evolutionary biologist Dr Richard Buggs wrote a blog post in 2018 where he concluded that less than 85% of the human and chimpanzee genome matched letter-for-letter.5 This was based on a paper he was about to publish with one of his newly minted PhDs, Josiah Seaman.6 That paper seemed to indicated a 96.6% similarity, but that occurs only after cutting out the centromeres, telomeres, all copy number variations, about 300,000 small insertions and deletions (accounting for about two million letters in each genome), and an additional percentage of DNA that resisted alignment.24 Yes, humans and chimpanzees do share a lot of DNA, but when you include what they don’t share, the percent identity drops significantly, into the low 80% range.

New study with complete data

All this prior work (by Drs. Ahlquist, Tomkins, Buggs, etc.) was based on incomplete sequencing. We did not have a fully-sequenced human genome until the summer of 2023,7 let alone a high-quality chimpanzee genome. Indeed, the early versions of the chimpanzee genome were even assembled on a scaffold of the human genome, automatically making them look more human-like. However, a major new study has completed each great ape genome to a very high standard.8 Like the newest human genome, they are (nearly) complete, from one end to the other. Older versions had major gaps, had faked centromere data, and were highly problematic around the numerous repetitive regions. These ‘telomere-to-telomere’ versions solved these problems.

The assembly of these genomes was no trivial matter. Even after all that work, they had to develop a filtering protocol that rejected certain DNA variants, and they had to hand-curate multiple sections that did not ‘behave’.

The alignment was even more difficult. They identified 175 inversions larger than 10,000 nucleotides, one chromosome fusion, and one large translocation.9 They also saw 632 inversions that were unique to one species only.

Analyzing the data

The ‘percent difference’ data are reported in Yoo et al.’s supplemental information (figure 1).

figure1_percent-difference
Figure 1. The percent difference caused by alignment gaps between human and great apes. Each alignment was divided into 1-million-bp segments and the percent difference caused by gaps in that segment was calculated. The curves represent histogram-like (e.g., count) data, and each curve has been normalized to its maximum value (so that the peaks all have the same height). The mean (average) for each curve is denoted by the short vertical lines, and the values are reported in the column of numbers. The curves are often quite skewed, making an ‘average’ more difficult to see, so the authors also reported the median (middle value, circles). hg002 = human, PanTro3 = chimpanzee, PanPan1= bonobo, GorGor1 = gorilla, PonAbe1 = orangutan.

They did not provide any error bars, just the average for each genome pair. They also broke up the data among the autosomes and the X and Y chromosomes. The blue bulges on the right in figure 1 represent giant gaps in the Y chromosome alignment. The purple bulges on the bottom represent the differences found among the two genome copies within the same individual. I worked up their data to get a complete estimate of divergence between the species (figure 2).

figure2_calculations
Figure 2. Genome similarity calculations. The data for gap and SNV divergence for the autosomes and X and Y chromosomes were tabulated. The differences were summed and then combined using the proportional lengths of the three chromosome types in the different species. The human-to-ape and the reverse calculations are not identical due to the presence or absence (depending on which way you are looking) of many alignment gaps.

From that, it was possible to generate a bar chart that showed the within- and among-species differences (figure 3).

figure3_data-summary2
Figure 3. Final data summary. Orange: within-species difference. Dark blue: human to ape. Light blue: ape to human.

99%? Not even close!

This is a big deal. First, many commentators have claimed this proves that the human and chimpanzee genomes are only about 85% identical.10,11,12 They are spot on, but you would not know that from the major headlines. Nor can you easily find the information in the published paper. Instead, you must drill down into more than 100 pages of detailed supplementary information to find the relevant information.

Second, creationist researchers like Dr Jeffrey Tomkins have been vindicated. While the earlier studies were stymied by a lack of trustable sequence data, the newest genomes show how different we are from all apes.

However, third, there are vast stretches of sequence that are nearly identical between humans and chimpanzees. At random, I found one that stretched for several hundred thousand bases and was nearly 99% identical.13Our opponents will misdirect and obfuscate to their dying breath.

Fourth, our opponents will misdirect and obfuscate to their dying breath. Case in point, in a recent video a commentator named Gutsick Gibbon claimed that I agree with her about human-chimpanzee similarity.14 No, while I agree with her that Tomkins is human and made mistakes (I have also pointed out glaring mistakes in her work and several errors in my work as well15), I do not agree with her that humans and chimpanzees are highly similar.

Fifth, God could have created us 99.9999% identical to chimps, or he could have made us 50% identical, or even less. The biblical creation model makes no prior claim on this. We should expect a high similarity because of the obvious structural, behavioural, physiological, and nutritional similarities between us. But how much? Nobody can know! Note that the evolutionary community was also unable to come up with an estimate before the numbers were run. They have no prior commitment to which ape species would be more like us. The debate about which species was more genetically like us lasted until the 1980s. Many people wanted orangutans to win and resisted the notion that chimps were our evolutionary cousins. Some paleontologists were arguing for the primacy of orangutans as late as 2009, although by that point they were a very small minority.16

The four numbers

Finally, there are four things that we need to know:

  1. What is the percent similarity among the parts that align?
  2. What is the percent similarity when you include the parts that don’t?
  3. How many mutations must have occurred over evolutionary time to account for these differences?
  4. How long would it take to functionally integrate new mutations into the genome?

The answer to the first question is now known: about 98%. The answer to the second question is also now known: about 85%. That third question is now where the debate should be, and the fourth question might be the biggest Achilles’ heel of all for evolutionary theorists.

The evolutionary model here is unlike ours in that it is ‘one-tailed’. They will gladly accept high similarity levels, but there is a cliff on the other side of the argument. If we are too dissimilar, they cannot explain the differences in their 6.5 million years. They do have the ability to back up the time to the most recent common ancestor, but even that ability is limited. A few years ago, some scientists were arguing for 13 million years.17 Some wanted to push the time even further back, but the paleontologists would have none of that because that would necessitate putting early apes in with the dinosaurs. They are stuck. The difference must be low. Period.

How much ‘difference’ can they explain?

Given an evolutionary conveyor belt of new mutations entering in, old mutations being removed by selection and drift, and really old mutations going to ‘fixation’ (i.e., 100%), they expect the mutation rate to approximate the fixation rate.

Here’s how the calculations work out:

  • Given a haploid mutation rate μ, the number of new mutations per generation is simply 2Nμ, where N is the population size.18
  • For a new neutral mutation, the probability of fixation is proportional to its frequency in the population. Since there are 2N copies of the genome in the population, and since, by definition, a new mutation starts in one copy of one chromosome, the frequency of that mutation is 1/(2N).19 The rate of fixation (r) would be proportional to the number of mutations that appear (2Nμ).
  • Thus, r = 2Nμ / 2N = μ

If the mutation rate is 100 per individual per generation, that equates to 50 mutations per haploid genome per generation.20 They would thus expect the human genome to accumulate 50 fixed differences per generation.21 Over 6.5 million years (~300,000 generations), they would expect 15 million differences between each species and our common ancestor, or about 30 million differences between us and them today.

30 million differences / 3 billion letters = 1%

THIS is why they have been quoting that 1% figure all these years, and this is why they have been resisting anything else. If the number is much greater, things do not work out in their favor. When the difference grows past that level, their models break down. It is simply too hard to explain so many differences, even in their ‘millions of years’ mindset.

But even a 15% difference could still be explained if large insertions and deletions cause sudden changes. Consider that the chimp Y chromosome is only half as long as the human Y. Does that amount to 30 million differences, or one? For example, if a single deletion erased the heterochromatic arm of the chimp Y chromosome, a 0.5% difference between our two genomes would instantly appear. What other large changes could be effected by such things?

Yet, we are not talking about changes in ‘junk DNA’. Multiple functional genes are in the unaligned regions. Even though about 99% of human genes are found in the other species, Yoo et al. found 185 gene families unique to humans and from around 1,400 to 2,000 gene copy-number differences among the species.22 True, many of the duplicated areas deal with highly repetitive, non-coding DNA, but these areas have increasingly proved to be functional, as we and others have pointed out many times.23 There are also fully-functional genes in these areas, specifically ones that deal with brain function.24 About 55% of each genome, on average, is composed of repetitive elements (LINEs, SINEs, LTRs, etc.).25 These, too, are proving to have functions, so they cannot be ignored in any comparison.

Given many millions of point mutations and tens of thousands of insertions, deletions, inversions, and duplications, can they explain this in an evolutionary context? They can explain some in their models, but those models are often quite simplistic (like the equations above). Random mating is a critical assumption, but it is never true, and non-random mating only slows down how fast new variants spread. There are also questions about population growth and how it affects all calculations. Given that the human population has been expanding (since the Flood or since the invention of agriculture, take your pick), ZERO genetic variants have become fixed in the human genome for the last 10,000 years in the evolutionary timeline. How does ‘no evolution for 10,000 years’ affect the evolutionary forecast?The ‘fact’ that they have been trumpeting from the rooftops since the 1970s turns out to be no fact at all. The real difference is NOT 1%. No, it is 15x greater.

But the fourth question above is perhaps the most fundamentally important question in evolution. Why? Because evolution needs new genes to arise and activate. Humans and chimpanzees do not just differ at the nucleotide level. Our genes are not used in the same ways and our brains have very different wiring pathways. Those changes would not just have to arise. No, they would have to arise, spread out and replace whatever original gene was in that place, and then integrate themselves into the already complex regulatory processes that exist.

This is a massive problem, even for the “1%” crowd. Now that we know the human and chimpanzee genomes are more than 10 times more different than they thought, the problem of evolution only becomes that much more difficult. This is one of the greatest scientific discoveries that supports the biblical creation model. It does not mean, however, that evolutionists will never be able to explain what we see. It does mean, though, that they will be scrambling for cover. The ‘fact’ that they have been trumpeting from the rooftops since the 1970s turns out to be no fact at all. The real difference is NOT 1%. No, it is 15x greater.

  1. See the discussion in Carter, R.W., Reassessing human–chimpanzee genetic similarity, J. Creation 38(1):93–103, 2024. Return to text.
  2. This was one of the things that broke the Darwinian mindset and caused him to turn to the Bible. See Wieland, M., Convert to creation: Margaret Wieland interviews bird expert and former renowned evolutionist Dr Jon Ahlquist, Creation 40(3):36–39, 2018. Return to text.
  3. Tomkins, J. and Bergman, J., Genomic monkey business—estimates of nearly identical human–chimp DNA similarity re-evaluated using omitted data, J. Creation 26(1):94–100, 2012. See ref. 1 for a fuller list of citations. Return to text.
  4. Cohen, J., Relative differences: the myth of 1%, Science 316(5833):1836, 2007. Return to text.
  5. Buggs, R., How similar are human and chimpanzee genomes?, richardbuggs.com, 14 Jul 2018. Return to text.
  6. Seaman, J. and Buggs, R., FluentDNA: nucleotide visualization of whole genomes, annotations, and alignments, Frontiers in Genetics 11:292, 2020. Return to text.
  7. Rhie, A. et al., The complete sequence of a human Y chromosome, Nature 621(7978):344–354, 2023. Return to text.
  8. Yoo, D. et al., Complete sequencing of ape genomes, Nature 641(8062):401–418, 2025. Return to text.
  9. Yoo et al., ref. 7, supplementary information, p. 101. Return to text.
  10. Luskin, C, Letter to the Smithsonian: Correct your signage on human-chimp genetic similarity!, evolutionnews.org, 27 May 2025. Return to text.
  11. Buggs, R., How much of a human genome is identical to a chimpanzee genome?, richardbuggs.com, 6 May 2025. Return to text.
  12. Tomkins, J.P., Chimp genome markedly different from human, icr.org, 29 May 2025. Return to text.
  13. Carter, R.W., Reassessing human–chimpanzee genetic similarity, J. Creation 38(1):93–103, 2024. Return to text.
  14. Gutsick Gibbon, I killed this creationist argument, youtube.com, 28 May 2025. Return to text.
  15. Carter, R., James 3 vs. the anticreationists, biblicalgenetics.com, 16 Jan 2024; youtube.com/watch?v=FIY7FTTFZyg. Return to text.
  16. Grehan, J.R. and Schwartz, J.H., Evolution of the second orangutan: phylogeny and biogeography of hominid origins, J. Biogeogr. 36(10):1823–1844, 2009. Return to text.
  17. Venn, O. et al., Strong male bias drives germline mutation in chimpanzees, Science 344(6189):1272–1275, 2014. Return to text.
  18. The formula includes a “2” because the genome is diploid. The mutation rate is usually given as the haploid mutation rate, for historical reasons. Return to text.
  19. Again, a 2 is in the denominator because there are two copies of the genome per individual in diploid species. Return to text.
  20. The classic neutral theory formula r = μ applies when μ is the per-site mutation rate. When Kimura derived this result, he was showing that at any given nucleotide position, the rate of neutral substitution equals the mutation rate at that site. However, when one multiplies both sides of r = μ by the genome size, the exact same number is reached, especially since we started with the per-haploid genome mutation rate (i.e., the sum of the per-site mutation rates * number of sites). Thus, the relationship r = μ scales directly. I applied the principle at the genome level rather than the per-site level because the question was about the rate of fixation across a species. Return to text.
  21. Given random mating, which never happens, and a stationary population size, which is clearly not true for humans. Without these assumptions the evolutionary model cannot deliver even a 1% difference. Return to text.
  22. Yoo et al., ref. 7, supplementary information pp. 66–67. Return to text.
  23. See our ‘Vestigial’ Organs Questions and Answers. Return to text.
  24. Kuderna, L., Complete ape genomes offer a close-up view of human evolution, Nature 641(8062):313–314, 2025. Return to text.
  25. Yoo et al., ref. 7, supplementary information p. 78. Return to text.

THE BIBLE’S FULLY INTEGRATED TIMELINE, UNITING MOSES, PROPHETS, GOSPELS, EPISTLES, AND REVELATION

Posted on by

HOW JESUS, PAUL, PETER, AND JOHN QUOTE THE O.T. PROPHETS

The New Testament writers did not invent a new storyline — they confirmed and expanded the prophetic structure already laid down in the Old Testament.

JESUS
Jesus repeatedly affirms the end‑times themes of Isaiah, Daniel, Zechariah, Malachi, Joel, and Moses.

• Daniel
Matthew 24:15 quotes Daniel 9 and Daniel 11–12 (abomination of desolation)

• Zechariah
Matthew 26:31 quotes Zechariah 13:7 (Shepherd struck, sheep scattered)

• Isaiah
Luke 4:16–21 quotes Isaiah 61 (Messiah’s mission)

• Joel
Luke 21:25 echoes Joel 2 (cosmic signs and Day of the Lord)

• Daniel again
Matthew 24:30 describes the Son of Man coming in clouds (Daniel 7:13–14)

• Moses
John 5:46 says Moses wrote about Jesus
Matthew 23:39 quotes Deut. themes of Israel’s repentance

• Malachi
Matthew 11:10 and Mark 1:2 quote Malachi 3:1 (the messenger)

Jesus perfectly continues the OT prophetic arc: Israel’s trouble, His return, their restoration, and the Kingdom.

PAUL
Paul’s theology is saturated in Isaiah, Hosea, Joel, Jeremiah, Deuteronomy, and the Psalms.

• Hosea
Romans 9:25–26 quotes Hosea 1 and 2 (Gentiles brought in)

• Isaiah
Romans 11:26 quotes Isaiah 59 (Redeemer comes to Zion)
Romans 10:20–21 quotes Isaiah 65 (Gentile response, Israel’s refusal)

• Joel
Romans 10:13 quotes Joel 2:32 (whoever calls on the Lord saved)

• Deuteronomy
2 Thessalonians 1:8–10 echoes Deut. 32 (day of vengeance)

• Daniel
2 Thessalonians 2 references Daniel 7, 8, 11 (man of lawlessness)

PAUL affirms: Israel blind “until” fullness of Gentiles, then rescue, then Kingdom.

PETER
Peter ties the prophets directly into the last days.

• Joel
Acts 2:17–21 quotes Joel 2 (Spirit poured out, Day of the Lord)

• Isaiah
1 Peter 1:24–25 quotes Isaiah 40
2 Peter 3:13 quotes Isaiah 65–66 (new heavens and earth)

• David and Psalms
Acts 2:25–31 interprets Psalm 16 as Christ’s resurrection

• Moses
Acts 3:22 quotes Deuteronomy 18 (Prophet like Moses)

JOHN (Gospel and Revelation)
John’s writing is steeped in Ezekiel, Daniel, Zechariah, Isaiah, Exodus, and Psalms.

• Zechariah
John 19:37 quotes Zechariah 12:10 (pierced Messiah)

• Isaiah
John 12:38–40 quotes Isaiah 53 and Isaiah 6 (Messiah rejected)

• Daniel
Revelation 1 and 14 echo Daniel 7 and 10 (Son of Man vision)

• Ezekiel
Revelation 21–22 echoes Ezekiel 40–48 (temple/river/new creation)

• Zechariah again
Revelation 14 and 19 echo Zechariah 14 (Messiah coming to Jerusalem)

The ENTIRE New Testament confirms the Old Testament prophetic timeline — every major writer echoes the same sequence.

  • A MERGED MEGA‑TIMELINE OF ALL PROPHETS + REVELATION

Here is the full integrated timeline, uniting Moses, the Prophets, the Gospels, Epistles, and Revelation:

PHASE 1 — Israel called and covenant established
• Genesis 12; Exodus 19; Deut. 7
God chooses Israel to bless the world.

PHASE 2 — Warning of future unbelief and scattering
• Deut. 28–32; Lev. 26
Israel’s entire future predicted.

PHASE 3 — Israel exiled but preserved
• Jeremiah 25; Ezekiel 12; Hosea 3
Israel falls, scattered globally — but not destroyed.

PHASE 4 — Worldwide regathering in last days
• Isaiah 11; Ezekiel 36–37; Amos 9
Fulfilled beginning 19th–20th century.

PHASE 5 — Rise of final world empire
• Daniel 2, 7, 8; Revelation 13
A global political‑economic system.

PHASE 6 — 7‑year Covenant of Peace
• Daniel 9:27
Triggers the Tribulation.

PHASE 7 — The Great Tribulation (final 3.5 years)
• Daniel 12; Jeremiah 30; Matthew 24
“Time of Jacob’s Trouble” — Israel refined. Rapture of Saints and wrath of God poured out with Trumpet and Bowl judgements.

PHASE 8 — Jerusalem under siege
• Zechariah 12–14; Joel 3

PHASE 9 — Heaven opens — Jesus returns with the glorified Saints.
• Zech. 14; Matt. 24; Rev. 19
Mount of Olives splits.

PHASE 10 — Antichrist destroyed, Satan bound
• Rev. 19–20

PHASE 11 — The Millennial Kingdom (1,000 years)
• Psalm 2; Isaiah 2; Zech. 14; Rev. 20
Peace, justice, restored creation, Israel exalted.

PHASE 12 — Satan released, final rebellion
• Revelation 20:7–10
Immediate destruction.

PHASE 13 — Great White Throne Judgment
• Daniel 12; Revelation 20:11–15

PHASE 14 — New Heaven and Earth
• Isaiah 65–66; Revelation 21–22
Eternal age begins.

This is the entire Bible’s prophetic structure — all books fit into it.

  • COMPLETE UNIFIED NARRATIVE FROM GENESIS TO REVELATION

Below is the story in continuous narrative form — the whole Bible’s prophetic arc in one flowing overview.

In the beginning, God created humanity to dwell with Him in peace. Sin disrupted that plan, but God chose one man, Abraham, and one nation, Israel, to bring salvation to the world. God warned Israel from the beginning that disobedience would bring scattering, exile, and suffering — yet He promised that no matter how far they wandered, He would regather them and restore them.

Israel fell into sin, was captured by Assyria and Babylon, and eventually scattered to the ends of the earth. Yet the prophets promised that the same God who judged them would also regather them from every nation under heaven.

In the last days, Israel would return to the land, the nations would rage, and a final world empire would arise led by a blasphemous ruler. God raptures the Saints and pours out His wrath upon an unrepentant world. Israel would face a time of unparalleled trouble, but in their distress, they would finally call upon the One they had pierced.

Then the heavens will open, and Jesus the Messiah will return in glory with the glorified Saints. He will defeat the Antichrist, rescue Israel, gather the nations for judgment, bind Satan, and establish His Kingdom on earth for 1,000 years. Jerusalem will be the centre of global worship. Israel will finally fulfill their calling. The saints will reign with Christ.

At the end of the Millennium, Satan will be released for one last rebellion, which God will instantly crush. Then comes the Great White Throne Judgment of all unbelieving humanity.

After this, the old creation passes away. God creates a new heaven and a new earth. The New Jerusalem descends, and God dwells with His people forever. No more curse. No more death. No more tears. The story returns to where it began — but greater, eternal, unshakable.

This is the complete prophetic arc of Scripture, perfectly consistent from Genesis to Revelation.

O.T PROPHECIES OF ISRAEL’S MESSIAH RULING THE NATIONS

Posted on by

God revealed to Israel, through Moses, before they went into the promised land their entire history, and as will be seen from this post that God revealed to all the O.T prophets the end of the story for Israel, that God would regather the Jews back to Israel and their Messiah would fulfil their destiny by ruling all the nations of the world from a magnificent new Jerusalem.

1. Moses

Moses foretells Israel’s future apostasy, scattering, and eventual restoration:

“When you are in distress… and you return to the Lord your God and obey His voice… He will not forget the covenant with your fathers which He swore to them.” Deut. 4:25–31

Predicts dispersion and end-time return

Deuteronomy 28:63–68; 30:1–10

  • Chapter 28: Details Israel’s scattering among the nations.
  • Chapter 30: Promises national restoration and blessing when they return to God.

“Then the Lord your God will gather you again from all the peoples… and will bring you into the land your fathers possessed.” Deut. 30:3

Numbers 24:17–19 (Prophecy of Balaam)

“A Star shall come out of Jacob; a Sceptre shall rise out of Israel…” Numbers 24:17
➡️ A direct Messianic prophecy — the coming King from Israel who rules over nations.

2. David, and possibly Ezra (Psalm 2)

Psalm 2:6–12

“I have set My King on Zion, My holy hill… Ask of Me, and I shall give You the nations for Your inheritance.” Psalms 2:6,8
➡️ Messianic reign over the nations — Christ’s kingdom centred in Jerusalem.

Psalm 72:8–11

“He shall have dominion from sea to sea… all kings shall fall down before Him; all nations shall serve Him.” Psalms 72:8,11
➡️ Messiah’s worldwide rule during the Millennial Kingdom.

2. Isaiah

“The mountain of the Lord’s house shall be established… all nations shall flow to it… He shall judge between the nations...” Isaiah 2:2,4
➡️ Global peace and Messianic rule from Jerusalem.

“The government will be upon His shoulder… of the increase of His government and peace there will be no end, upon the throne of David...” Isaiah 9:6-7
➡️ Eternal Davidic-Messianic kingdom.

Isaiah 11:1–10

  • The righteous “Branch” from Jesse rules in justice.
  • Universal peace — even nature is transformed.

“For the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord as the waters cover the sea.” Isaiah 11:9

Isaiah 60–62

  • Israel glorified and restored.
  • The nations bring their wealth to Jerusalem.
  • Justice is swift on nations that do not serve.

“Nation shall not lift up sword against nation… For the nation and kingdom that will not serve you shall perish… the wealth of the nations shall come to you… your gates shall be open continually.” Isaiah 60:11,12

3. Jeremiah

Jeremiah 23:5–8

“I will raise to David a Branch of righteousness; He shall reign as King… Judah will be saved, and Israel will dwell safely.” Jeremiah 23:5,6
➡️ The Messianic King over a restored Israel.

Jeremiah 30:3; 31:1–14; 33:14–26

  • Regathering out of all nations.
  • New covenant blessings.

“For behold, days are coming, declares the Lord, when I will restore the fortunes of my people… I will bring them back to the land that I gave to their fathers, and they shall take possession of it. I will cause their captivity to return, and will build them as at the first.” Jeremiah 30:3

4. Ezekiel

Ezekiel 36–37

  • 36: Israel gathered back to their land and spiritually renewed.
  • 37: The “dry bones” vision — national resurrection.

“I will put My Spirit within you… and I will place you in your own land.“ Ezekiel 37:14
➡️ Modern regathering (1948) foreshadowed here.

Ezekiel 38–39

  • Armageddon-like invasion and divine deliverance of Israel.

Ezekiel 40–48

  • Detailed prophecy of the Millennial Temple and land divisions.
  • Messiah ruling from Jerusalem; God’s glory returns to the Temple (Ezekiel 43:1–7).

5. Daniel

Daniel 2:44–45

“The God of heaven will set up a kingdom which shall never be destroyed… it shall break in pieces all these kingdoms.”
➡️ The eternal Messianic Kingdom on earth.

Daniel 7:13–14, 18, 27

“One like the Son of Man came… to Him was given dominion and a kingdom… the saints of the Most High shall possess the kingdom forever.”
➡️ Christ’s reign shared with glorified saints.

6. Hosea

Hosea 3:4–5

“Israel shall abide many days without a king… afterward the children of Israel shall return and seek the Lord… in the latter days.”
➡️ Long dispersion and end-time turning to God.

7. Amos

Amos 9:11–15

“In that day I will raise up the tabernacle of David that is fallen… I will plant them upon their land, and they shall no more be pulled up.”
➡️ Davidic rule restored; permanent restoration of Israel.

8. Micah

Micah 4:1–8

“Out of Zion shall go forth the law… the Lord shall reign over them in Mount Zion from henceforth, even forever.”
➡️ Millennial reign from Jerusalem.

9. Zechariah

Zechariah 8:2–8; 12:9–10; 14:4–9, 16–21

  • Israel saved and restored.
  • Messiah personally appears on the Mount of Olives.

“Thus says the Lord: I have returned to Zion and will dwell in the midst of Jerusalem, and Jerusalem shall be called the faithful city, and the mountain of the Lord of hosts, the holy mountain… Many peoples and strong nations shall come to seek the Lord of hosts in Jerusalem and to entreat the favour of the Lord…And on that day I will seek to destroy all the nations that come against Jerusalem. And I will pour out on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and pleas for mercy, so that, when they look on me, on him whom they have pierced, they shall mourn for him, as one mourns for an only child, and weep bitterly over him, as one weeps over a firstborn… The Lord shall be King over all the earth; in that day shall there be one Lord, and His name one.” Zechariah 8:3,22, 12:9,10, 14:9
➡️ The climactic description of Jesus’ physical reign over the nations.

10. Summary Themes

ThemeScriptures
Scattering and regatheringDeut. 30:1–10; Ezek. 36–37; Jer 30:3
Messianic King (Branch of David)Isa. 9:6–7; Jer. 23:5–8; Zech. 6:12–13
Rule over nationsPs. 2; Ps. 72; Isa. 2:2–4; Dan. 7:13–14
Glorified saints reign with MessiahDan. 7:18, 27 (linked with Rev. 20:4–6)
Restored Temple & worshipEzek. 40–48; Zech. 14:16–21

THE AUTHORITY AND INERRANCY OF SCRIPTURE

Posted on by


The Christian church has historically supported ‘young-earth creation’, however, around ad 1800, long age theories crept into secular geology. They denied the global Flood of Genesis a priori by restricting causes to processes happening now. That meant it would take millions of years to form the rocks and fossils. In response, many churches essentially replaced the authority of Scripture with the authority of secular geology.

As a result, God raised up ministries like Creation Ministries International (CMI), http://www.creation.com. The ‘young earth’ position is not their axiom, or starting assumption. Rather, it is a theorem, i.e., something logically deduced from their real axiom: the authority of Scripture. Throughout most of its history, the Church accepted that Scripture was the last word on origins. Thus no Church Father or Reformer taught that Earth was older than a few thousand years.

Sadly, the liberal wing of the church rejected the authority of Scripture outright. They agreed that Scripture really does teach a young earth, but it was wrong. Many conservatives wanted to keep biblical authority but were intimidated by the secular long-age claims. So they invented various schemes to pretzelize the Bible to accommodate long-age thinking. For example, concepts like the gap and day-age theories appeared in the 19th century. The ‘framework hypothesis’ was a 20th-century novelty. (See creation.com/history-interpretation.)

But it was clear that they had really made secular ‘science’ their final authority. If these views were really taught in the text, then why did the Church Fathers, Reformers, and other Christian scholars miss them before about 1800? And if we abandon biblical authority on history, then why not on morality and doctrine as well (creation.com/useful-dupes)?

Other pushbacks are claims that the Bible is not clear on the topic. But this goes to another important issue: whether the main teachings of the Bible are understandable or perspicuous.  After all, Jesus often said, “it is written”. Paul said, “All Scripture is breathed out by God” and makes us “complete” and “equipped” (2 Timothy 3:15–17). This could not be, if the Bible were as difficult as some claim.

Some make hyper-pious claims that ‘God’s days are not man’s days’. But God wrote Scripture to teach us. Therefore, God’s meanings must be the same as ours; otherwise, communication is broken. And for us to apply His teachings, God’s logic must be the same as ours. The difference is that God knows all true premises and commits no logical fallacies (see creation.com/logic).

This is the 48th year of Creation magazine, affirming both the authority and understandability of Scripture, plus ample supporting evidence. The latest issue contains much more of the same. For instance, hard blue-gray rocks forming in decades show there is no need for millions of years.

Biblical authority and understandability have historically been a fruitful foundation for science. On p. 24, CMI interview a molecular biologist who firmly defends biblical creation, while challenges the supposed evolution of the whale. The biblical Creation/Fall/ Flood/dispersion framework explains the wide variety of animals around the world, including the bowerbird. Plus, the Bible’s design implication explains why some animals will sacrifice themselves for their groups. And their p. 40 article explains how and why Scripture clearly teaches the foundational doctrine of creation out of nothing.

This article is taken from the latest issue of Creation Magazine Vol 48, Issue 1 2026. I have been a subscriber for 48 years.

EVIDENCE FOR THE WORLDWIDE FLOOD OF NOAH’S DAY AND A YOUNG EARTH

Posted on by

Hugh Ross is trying to rewrite the biblical account of the flood. In this episode of Answers News, the hosts, Bryan Osborne, Avery Foley, and Dr. Terry Mortenson, share their perspectives on this topic as Bible-believing Christians.

Answers in Genesis is an apologetics (Christianity-defending) ministry dedicated to enabling Christians to defend their faith and proclaim the good news of Jesus Christ effectively.

‘Progressive creationists’ like Dr Hugh Ross,2 who insist on interpreting Genesis in the light of man’s theories like the ‘big bang’, and the supposed ‘proof’ of an old earth (billions of years), insist that those who teach a young earth and literal Genesis 1–11 are the ones putting a stumbling block in the way of scientists and others accepting the Gospel message. However, time and time again, we have found that the opposite is true. Compromising Genesis with man’s ideas from outside of Scripture opens the door to this ‘slippery slide of unbelief’. It becomes a major stumbling block to people being receptive to God’s Word and the Gospel. Unbelievers are generally unimpressed when they see Christians clearly evading the obvious meaning of the beginning of God’s Word.

Your faith will be strengthened by listening to Dr Terry Mortenson defend a young earth by presenting the evidence for Noah’s worldwide flood and the billions of dead things buried all over the world including fossil fuels formed from all the vegetation that was buried.

It is important to remember that Jesus spoke of Noah’s flood when he was telling His disciples about His second coming to earth. He believed that Noah’s flood was worldwide killing all but the eight people on the Ark.

“But concerning that day and hour no one knows, not even the angels of heaven, nor the Son, but the Father only. For as were the days of Noah, so will be the coming of the Son of Man. For as in those days before the flood they were eating and drinking, marrying and giving in marriage, until the day when Noah entered the ark, and they were unaware until the flood came and swept them all away, so will be the coming of the Son of Man.” Matthew 24:36-39

Moreover, many of the things Jesus said would occur at this time have played out already exactly as He said they would. After Jesus return to earth to rescue Israel at the battle of Armageddon, His Millennial Kingdom is next on God’s agenda for planet earth. Go to http://www.millennialkingdom.net to prepare to rule and reign with Jesus for the next 1,000 years.

ISRAEL’S FUTURE: THE TIME OF JACOB’S TROUBLE

Posted on by

“Jacob’s Trouble” (also called “the time of Jacob’s trouble”) is a specific biblical phrase found in Jeremiah 30:7:

“Alas! For that day is great, so that none is like it; it is the time of Jacob’s trouble, but he shall be saved out of it.” (NKJV)

Biblical Context

The entire chapter of Jeremiah 30 is a prophecy of hope given to Israel and Judah during their exile in Babylon. God promises:

  • To restore them from captivity
  • To break the yoke of foreign oppression
  • To bring them back to their land under their own king (ultimately fulfilled in the Messiah)
  • To heal and prosper them again

However, before this full restoration comes, Israel (referred to here as “Jacob,” using the patriarch’s original name) will go through an unprecedented period of suffering and distress.

Key Characteristics of “Jacob’s Trouble”

  1. Uniqueness and Severity
    • “That day is great, so that none is like it” (Jeremiah 30:7) – it is unparalleled in history.
    • Jesus quotes similar language in the Olivet Discourse: “For then there will be great tribulation, such as has not been since the beginning of the world until this time, no, nor ever shall be” (Matthew 24:21), linking the two passages.
  2. Focused on Israel/Jacob
    • The trouble is specifically called “Jacob’s” (not the church’s or the world’s in general), indicating it primarily affects the Jewish people and the nation of Israel.
    • Other Old Testament passages describe the same period using different names:
      • “The indignation” (Isaiah 26:20; Daniel 11:36)
      • “The time of trouble” (Daniel 12:1)
      • “The day of the Lord”
      • “The seventieth week of Daniel” (Daniel 9:27)
      • “The great tribulation” (Matthew 24:21; Revelation 7:14)
  3. Deliverance at the End
    • Jeremiah 30:7 ends with hope: “…but he [Jacob/Israel] shall be saved out of it.”
    • Daniel 12:1 says Michael the archangel will stand up for Israel, and “at that time your people shall be delivered.”
    • Zechariah 13–14 and Romans 11:25–29 describe Israel’s national repentance and acceptance of the Messiah at the end of this period.

In short, “Jacob’s Trouble” is widely understood in prophetic studies as the Bible’s term for an unparalleled future time of distress centred on the Jewish people, out of which God will ultimately deliver and restore a repentant Israel when the Messiah returns and establishes His Millennial Kingdom

The Bible reveals this Earth’s history is young, not billions of years old as the theory of evolution would lead us to believe. Despite there being billions of dead things buried whole throughout the world, which must have been buried quickly to be whole, as well, enormous amounts of fossil fuels formed from buried vegetation, the scientists of the world deny the Biblical flood of Noah’s day, because it does not align with their naturalist view of the world forming itself over billions of years. The Bible reveals that Noah’s flood was a catastrophic event that changed the entire geomorphology of the planet.

Biblical history reveals that Satan has had 6,000 years to rule over the Earth. Jesus will soon have 1,000 years to rule and reign with the glorified Saints, Satan and I assume his demons are bound during Jesus reign

“And he seized the dragon, that ancient serpent, who is the devil and Satan, and bound him for a thousand years, and threw him into the pit, and shut it and sealed it over him, so that he might not deceive the nations any longer, until the thousand years were ended. After that he must be released for a little while.” Revelation 20:2-3

Nevertheless, we are told Jesus and the Saints rule with a rod of iron during the Millennium as the curse is only partially lifted, mainly in Israel, so people are still being born, still sin, and die. Moreover, at the end of the Millennium, Satan is released and he still raises an army like the sand of the sea.

“And when the thousand years are ended, Satan will be released from his prison and will come out to deceive the nations that are at the four corners of the earth, Gog and Magog, to gather them for battle; their number is like the sand of the sea. And they marched up over the broad plain of the earth and surrounded the camp of the saints and the beloved city, but fire came down from heaven and consumed them.” Revelation 20:7-9

Even with Jesus and the glorified Saints being on earth people will still rebel and like Satan and the demons will want to be God of their world. For more on Jesus Millennial Kingdom go to http://www.millennialkingdom.net.

Finally, after 7,000 years, this Earth’s history is complete and God destroys the Earth with fire, The second resurrection of the dead takes place before Jesus White Throne judgement. Only after the White Throne judgement does the apostle John see a magnificent and enormous new Jerusalem descending from a new heaven onto a new earth where only the righteous dwell with both our heavenly Father and Jesus.

BEAR TOOTH MOUNTAIN REVEALS A HISTORY LESSON

Posted on by

My original heading was “GLOBAL WARMING MUCH GREATER THAN TODAY OCCURRED 1000 AD” but LinkedIn would not accept it. Global warming is a no-go zone for negative stories.

A snow patch on the top of the Bear tooth Mountains of north central Wyoming, USA, has been melting because of a warming climate. Consequently, 30 fallen white bark pine trees became exposed, 180 m (600 ft) above the current tree line. The trees were tall-standing in form and not the scruffy sort usually found near the tree line. This indicates that the tree line was once even higher than 180 m above today’s.

Picture of Bear Tooth Mountain, Montana

Since a higher altitude means colder temperatures, the higher tree line suggested by the exposed trees means that the climate must have been warmer in the past, when these trees were growing.

Since the post-Flood Ice Age ended some 4,000 years ago, there have been several warm periods. The most recent one is known as the Medieval Warm Period, a 300-year period around AD 1000. Since the snow patch is melting now, the exhumed forest suggests that the world has experienced global warming in the past, which is significantly greater than what is being experienced now.

This report shows why it is so important to have a Biblical worldview, which presents the true history of this world. The world only has a 4 billion-year history because it denies the Bible’s worldwide flood of Noah’s day that buried all living things and the abundant pre-flood forests and vegetation (source of fossils and fossil fuels).

Pederson, G.T. et al., Dynamic treeline and cryosphere response to pronounced mid-Holocene climatic variability in the US Rocky Mountains, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122(2): e242162121, 2025.

PHARAOH’S CHARIOT WHEELS DISCOVERED

Posted on by

When a team of modern salvage divers recently plunged into the Red Sea, they weren’t chasing treasure. They were chasing a mystery nearly 50 years old – a legend that the chariot wheels that once belonged to a Pharaoh lay buried beneath the waves. What they found left them stunned. Scattered across the seabed were shocking discoveries of remains of chariots and many human bones that would confirm a Biblical story that a lot of people have dismissed as fiction. But here’s the thing: what the divers saw suggests that something shocking happened in the Red Sea, confirming the Biblical Exodus story.

This confirms what Ron Wyatt reported many years before. I met Ron Wyatt when I was Chairman of Ark Search, and Dr Alan Roberts of Australia was working with Ron Wyatt on a search for Noah’s Ark. Sadly, that search ended in failure; however, an article by Ken Griffiths and Darryl K White in the Journal of Creation, Volume 35, Issue 3, 2021, shows a credible site for Noah’s Ark on the Mountain Karaca Dag in Turkey.

While researching a Babel candidate site near Diyarbakir, Turkey, on 3 October 2019, they found a complex of sites on the mountain Karaca Dag that, upon further examination, seem to match the description of the landing site of Noah’s Ark, along with a tomb, possible altar, and much more. The tomb is a 60-m-square, rough stone mastaba, oriented to the winter solstice sunrise, with two extensions that make it into roughly a 160-m-long boat shape. The site is marked by six or more geoglyphs, situated along an arc 5 km distant on the northwest side of the mountain. The possible remains of the Ark appear to have had a modern school built on them, now collapsed.

We would expect to find the landing site of the Ark near the centre of the oldest post-diluvial distribution of humans and domesticated plants. The site presented in this paper lies upon a mountain between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers at the centre of the Pre‑Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA) Culture.

WHY IT IS IMPORTANT TO DEAL WITH MILLIONS OF YEARS

Posted on by

Some things should make Christians angry. In this powerful presentation, Ken Ham challenges believers to reclaim righteous anger, stand firm on the authority of Scripture, and boldly confront the lies of modern culture. Genesis 1 to 11 provides the foundation of the true history of this world and answers to the most troubling questions humans can raise, such as why there is death and suffering in the world.

God has raised up two ministries to cope with Satan’s most successful strategy (evolution), so make sure you connect with and support Answers in Genesis, http://www.answersingenesis.org and Creation Ministries International, http://www.creation.com.