Turkish President Recep Erdogan has implied a number of times since 2020 that Jerusalem belongs to Turkey. Most recently, on December 22, 2024, in response to the loud chants of “Mr. President, take us to Jerusalem” from a crowd of young people at a speech he gave in Mardin, Turkey, he shockingly responded, “Patience brings victory”. Instead of chiding the crowd about their inappropriate demand, he embraced it. Lest there be any misunderstanding about the intent of this exchange, Devlet Bahceli, the leader of the Nationalist Movement Party, a coalition partner of President Erdogan, on the next day, December 23, 2024, in an address to a group of his supporters, reportedly assured them that the goal was for Turkey to take Jerusalem. This is in line with the resurgent neo-Ottoman posture of Turkish President Erdogan.  In recent years, he has been promoting a concept known as “New Ottomanism,” which aims to revive the country’s historical legacy and position Turkey as a major player on the world stage.

As to Erdogan’s other fatuous remarks about Jerusalem, pictures are worth a thousand words. Just view photographs of the Temple Mount in the 19th century, showing an abandoned site with the Dome of the Rock and other structures in disrepair. They do not depict what might be expected if this were indeed a highly venerated site, important to the Muslim religion, which, after all, was the official and dominant religion of the Ottoman Empire that occupied and was in firm control of Jerusalem and the Temple Mount, at the time.

By way of background, a good portion of the Middle East, including the Land of Israel, was conquered and controlled by the Ottoman Empire (with Istanbul, Turkey as its capital) during the period 1517–1917. Then, the Ottoman Empire was on the losing side of World War I. This set the stage for the establishment of new or reconstituted sovereign states out of the portions of its former empire, which it ceded to the victorious allies, under the Treaty of Sèvres that was signed on August 10, 1920.

Article 95 of the Treaty confirmed the agreement to establish the territory labeled Palestine, within such boundaries as may be determined by the Principal Allied Powers, as a national home for the Jewish people. The Treaty of Lausanne, signed on July 24, 1923, with Turkey, in effect reaffirmed the foregoing, as detailed in the San Remo Resolution of 1920 and unanimously adopted by the League of Nations in 1922.

In summary, under Treaties to which the Ottoman Empire and Turkey are bound and by international law, the Jewish people’s right to return to their homeland of Israel (then called Palestine with no connection to the Arabs who now call themselves Palestinians), join fellow brethren there, and reconstitute the Jewish State there was recognized.

As Winston Churchill stated, in 1922, the Jews had returned to Palestine “as of right and not by sufferance, and that this was based on their ancient historical connection.” Speaking before the Peel Commission years later, in 1937, Churchill snapped at a Commission member who referred to the Jews in Palestine as a “foreign race” and said, “The Jews had Palestine before that indigenous population [the Arabs] came in and inhabited it.”

“It is recommended that the Jews be invited to return to Palestine and settle there, being assured by the Conference of all proper assistance in so doing that may be consistent with the protection of the personal (especially the religious) and the property rights of the non-Jewish population and being assured that it will be the policy of the League of Nations to recognize Palestine as a Jewish State, as it is a Jewish State in fact.”

The San Remo Resolution, unanimously adopted by the League of Nations, and the Anglo-American Treaty of 1924 attest to the validity of these recommendations.