Conventional scientists believe that many events of earth history contradict the Bible. One of these is the millions of years they claim for the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets. Drilling down into the Greenland Ice Sheet, conventional scientists have counted 110,000 annual layers, like counting the rings in a tree to determine its age. In the Dome C Antarctic ice core, 800,000 years have been claimed. These ages are vastly older than the Biblical age of about 6,000 years
The Bible provides the proper framework in which to understand the evidence for Ice Age conditions. Michael Oard, author of the new book, The Frozen Paradox: Ice Cores versus Deep Time has worked together with other scientists on the Ice Age for almost half a century. A single, intense Ice Age would have been caused by the conditions at the end of Noah’s Flood in Genesis 6–9. Moreover, meteorology, climatology, geology, glaciology, and paleontology applied to the climatic consequences of the Genesis Flood can readily explain the Ice Age.
The biblical Ice Age also solves many other mysteries that secular science has not been able to solve for over 200 years …
This book [covers] an important subset of the Ice Age. That is, how the ice sheets with their ice cores fit into biblical earth history …
He examines the claim of 110,000 annual layers in the Greenland ice cores, as well as the belief that the Dome C Antarctic ice core records 800,000 years. He shows that both these deductions are based on circular reasoning with the assumptions of uniformitarianism and deep time (the millions of years) built in. But he not only challenges the conventional interpretation of ice cores, but also how creation scientists can explain the ice cores and ice sheets within biblical earth history. As a bonus, chapter 8 shows how the model of the Ice Age can explain a major mystery of atmospheric science, and that is the well-watered ‘green Sahara’.
The account of Earth history that is currently popular in secular academia says that Earth’s surface has been shaped over billions of years by slow geological processes. But there is another, ancient, account of Earth history which says that its surface was shaped by a catastrophic, planet-wide flood—just a few thousand years ago. You might be surprised to hear that there are, in fact, many scientists who believe this latter account, maintaining that it is the best fit for a plethora of evidence from across the globe. In this interview, you’ll hear from one such scientist—geomorphologist, Dr Ron Neller—as he discusses five very famous landforms from around the globe, and how they bear witness to a recent global Flood.
Catastrophic Plate Tectonics (CPT) proposes that the single pre-Flood continent broke up quickly and explosively (i.e., catastrophically). Originally, the plates moved apart at a speed of metres per second—billions of times faster than today. Many (not all) creationist geologists think CPT is an excellent model to explain the Flood. Note: ‘model’ here means an assumed explanation of how the Flood occurred. It is consistent with the Bible but not a direct teaching of the Bible. But what could cause such fast plate movement?
TOP ROCK BREAKS THROUGH
God created one single continent. At the edges, there was likely some cold rock, denser than the asthenosphere below it. This instability would be ready to sink through any weakness.
But why would God create such an unstable situation? God knows the future. Man would become so wicked about 1,600 years after creation that God would need to start over. So maybe God created a world that would Flood at that time. But what would cause the top part to break through? A clue comes from blacksmiths working with iron and steel. They heat the material red-hot to make it much softer and easier to bend.
Many minerals are the same. They become much weaker when hot and also under pressure—sometimes as much as billions of times weaker.
Eventually, the pressure and heat would weaken the bottom part enough for the top to break through. As rock sank, it would make more heat by friction and cause more stress. The underlying rocks would soften even more. This softening allows even quicker sinking and even more heating and stress, thus even more softening. The rocks would eventually reach speeds of several km/hour, called runaway subduction.
CONVEYOR BELT
As the rock layer sank, it would pull the rest of the plate along, like a giant conveyor belt. The continent would tear apart at the other end, forming the Mid-Ocean Ridges (the world’s longest mountain ranges). Magma would pour up through the tears, evaporating vast amounts of water. This would produce a long chain of powerful steam jets. Remember Genesis teaching of huge ocean fountains erupting? (See Bible verse).
“In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on that day all the fountains of the great deep burst forth, and the windows of the heavens were opened.” Genesis 7:11
The steam would eventually cool enough to condense in the air. It would then fall back as a huge global downpour, just as the Bible vividly describes. No ordinary rainstorm lasts 40 days and 40 nights (Genesis 7:12)! Also, the plate movements would push water onto the land. Eventually, all the land would be flooded.
EVIDENCE
CPT explains many things that don’t make sense under the usual ‘slow-and-gradual’ theory. The most important is the subducted plates themselves—plates underneath another plate. If plates had always moved slowly, they couldn’t have forced their way through. Rather, they would have stopped or blended in. But some have pushed down over 700 km.
Also, consider what happens if a hot object is in contact with a cold object. Heat moves from the hot thing to the cold thing until both have the same temperature. Now consider the cool subducted plate inside a much hotter asthenosphere. If the plate had pushed in slowly, over 100 million years, it should have warmed to the asthenosphere’s temperature. Instead, the plate is often thousands of degrees cooler. This coolness makes sense if it was pushed in quickly, only about 4,500 years ago.
BIBLE VERSE
“In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on that day all the fountains of the great deep burst forth, and the windows of the heavens were opened.” Genesis 7:11
A CATACLYSMIC EVENT IN HISTORY
The above verse provides the timing of the Flood in real history. It is so important that God tells us the very day in Noah’s life the Flood began. It also tells us how. First, huge fountains in the “great deep” (the oceans) erupted. Next, torrential rainfall. The “windows of heaven opened” is the Hebrew way of saying, “It rained cats and dogs.” CPT is a possible model consistent with the Bible’s true history. The Flood began in the oceans, then came the downpour.
This story was extracted from the latest issue of Creation magazine http://www.creation.com.
My original heading was “GLOBAL WARMING MUCH GREATER THAN TODAY OCCURRED 1000 AD” but LinkedIn would not accept it. Global warming is a no-go zone for negative stories.
A snow patch on the top of the Bear tooth Mountains of north central Wyoming, USA, has been melting because of a warming climate. Consequently, 30 fallen white bark pine trees became exposed, 180 m (600 ft) above the current tree line. The trees were tall-standing in form and not the scruffy sort usually found near the tree line. This indicates that the tree line was once even higher than 180 m above today’s.
Picture of Bear Tooth Mountain, Montana
Since a higher altitude means colder temperatures, the higher tree line suggested by the exposed trees means that the climate must have been warmer in the past, when these trees were growing.
Since the post-Flood Ice Age ended some 4,000 years ago, there have been several warm periods. The most recent one is known as the Medieval Warm Period, a 300-year period around AD 1000. Since the snow patch is melting now, the exhumed forest suggests that the world has experienced global warming in the past, which is significantly greater than what is being experienced now.
This report shows why it is so important to have a Biblical worldview, which presents the true history of this world. The world only has a 4 billion-year history because it denies the Bible’s worldwide flood of Noah’s day that buried all living things and the abundant pre-flood forests and vegetation (source of fossils and fossil fuels).
Pederson, G.T. et al., Dynamic treeline and cryosphere response to pronounced mid-Holocene climatic variability in the US Rocky Mountains, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 122(2): e242162121, 2025.
In an era when biblical narratives are often relegated to the realm of mythology, the “Ark and the Darkness” documentary seeks to reframe one of history’s most debated tales: Noah’s Flood.
“There are a lot of misconceptions about the flood. Hollywood not only doesn’t represent the true biblical account, they add a lot of mythologies and a lot of themes that are just clearly not biblical. … The two biggest misconceptions would be mythologizing the flood, saying it’s an allegory, it didn’t really happen. The other one that’s actually within Christian circles is, ‘It was just a local flood, God’s judgment was only pertaining to the people living in Mesopotamia Valley.’ … Our movie shows it wasn’t an allegory; it happened in real-time just thousands of years ago, and it was a worldwide event.”
“The Ark and the Darkness,” from Sevenfold Films in collaboration with Genesis Apologetics, bridges the gap between various scientific disciplines — geology, paleontology, the study of fossils, ancient civilizations, volcanic activity, and Earth sciences — all pointing unanimously to the reality of Noah’s Flood.
The documentary features experts, including scientists from Answers in Genesis and Liberty University, like Dr. Andrew Snelling, paleontologist Dr. Gabriela Haynes and researcher and speaker Dr. Terry Mortenson, who uncover the factual basis of Noah’s Flood.
The film hit theaters on Wednesday and Thursday.
Biddle pointed to a variety of scientific findings he said corroborate the biblical account, including the discovery of bioorganic materials in dinosaur bones, which suggests they were buried rapidly and relatively recently.
“There’s no way that these tissues could have lasted for millions upon millions of years,” he said.
The documentary, directed by Ralph Strean, explores the Morrison Formation, a geological site spanning 13 states in the middle of America, which contains a vast number of dinosaur fossils intermingled with marine life.
“How could you take a 13-state zone region and bury land creatures and marine creatures together over that much of an expanse?” Biddle asked. “The answer has to be a worldwide flood.”
Beyond presenting physical evidence, “The Ark and the Darkness” also delves into the implications of Noah’s Flood for understanding the state of the world today. Drawing parallels between the days of Noah and contemporary times, Biddle highlighted a perceived increase in lawlessness and moral decay, echoing biblical prophecies of the End Times.
“We just look around the world today, and it seems like a stage is being set for some interesting things,” he said. “I’m not a doomsayer, I’m not a sensationalist, I’m not even really a prepper. But I would just say that most Christians nowadays can look around the landscape and say, ‘Yeah, there’s a lot of shift going on.’ It’s not a time to be fearful. It’s a time to trust in the Lord, to run in our lanes, and to trust Him for both our short-term lives and what’s going to happen in a longer play. Jesus Himself draws that parallel between the flood and End Times, and so we do the same thing in the movie.”
The film counters evolutionary arguments, suggesting that Noah’s Ark could indeed have housed representatives of all animal kinds necessary to repopulate the Earth post-flood. Biddle challenged the notion that the ark’s capacity would have been insufficient, proposing that only around 7,000 animals were needed to account for the biodiversity seen today.
“One of the most popular allegations is … there’s no way that Noah could have taken all of those different species on Earth today on the ark because there are millions and millions of species. … But that’s one of the things that the Bible addresses straight out of Genesis and chapter one,” he said.
“The experts at Answers in Genesis believe that you only need 7,000 animals total on the ark to reproduce all the different species and all the different breeds that we see today. So that would be one aspect of how we go against evolution theory in the movie,” Biddle added.
Biddle also expressed concern over the growing trend among Christians to interpret the story of Noah’s Flood as allegorical rather than historical.
“We hear a lot of people say they’re just New Testament Christians,” he said. “If that’s true, please explain to me the Gospel without citing Genesis, and no one can do it.”
Biddle stressed that understanding the Gospel’s message of salvation is impossible without acknowledging the reality of sin introduced through Adam in the Garden of Eden. According to Biddle, denying the historical truth of events like Noah’s Flood undermines the entire biblical narrative, including the teachings of Jesus and the writings of New Testament authors who referenced the flood as a factual event.
“It really cripples the Gospel message to say that either the garden or Adam or the flood was a myth,” he said.
Biddle hopes viewers, regardless of their religious or scientific background, reconsider the historical validity of Noah’s Flood.
“I think every person who watches this movie, from a hardened, licensed geologist who’s a complete atheist all the way to a homeschool Christian who believes every word of Scripture, … will be shifted, shifted towards believing more about historic Christianity,” he said. “It would be really hard to sit through an hour and 52 minutes worth of this avalanche of evidence and not come out believing, ‘My gosh, I think they have a case.’ And, we do.”
Noah’s Ark & Flood Movie in Select Theaters in the U.S.A. March 20–21, 2024. The movie site states:
There is a tale over 4,000 years old, preserved in ancient writings from every major culture around the world. Many thought it was only a myth, but recent discoveries confirm what the Bible has said all along. From the Director of Genesis: Paradise Lost, Sevenfold Films and Genesis Apologetics present The Ark and the Darkness. Geology, paleontology, the fossil record, ancient history, volcanism, earth science—all of these scientific fields converge on one simple truth: Noah’s Flood actually happened. Join the team of scientists from Answers in Genesis and Liberty University as they reveal the truth about Noah’s Flood.
A Christian creationist group in California (Genesis Apologetics) released the new movie on the flood called The Ark and the Darkness that will have limited showings in a number of movie theaters across the nation on March 20–21.
This is a documentary-style movie with some impressive animation, and it features various interview segments with a number of creation scientists, including some from Answers in Genesis (such as AiG’s geologist Dr. Andrew Snelling, paleontologist Dr. Gabriela Haynes, and researcher and speaker Dr. Terry Mortenson).
Read what the Apostle Peter reveals to us about God and His World, about angels, about SIN, about God’s judgement, about the worldwide flood of Noah’s day with eight survivors, God destroyed the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah as an example of what He does to the ungodly, and there is a day coming of judgement for all the ungodly – The Day of the Lord.
This is the true history of this world and its 6,000 years of existence. How did we get billions of years? It is absolutely essential if you believe in evolution to go from GOO to YOU. The worldwide flood of Noah’s day (God’s judgement) produced the fossils (billions of dead things all over the world) and the buried vegetation that produced all of our fossil fuels. It happened in one year not billions of years.
“For if God did not spare angels when they sinned, but cast them into hell and committed them to chains of gloomy darkness to be kept until the judgment; if he did not spare the ancient world, but preserved Noah, a herald of righteousness, with seven others, when he brought a flood upon the world of the ungodly; if by turning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrah to ashes he condemned them to extinction, making them an example of what is going to happen to the ungodly; and if he rescued righteous Lot, greatly distressed by the sensual conduct of the wicked (for as that righteous man lived among them day after day, he was tormenting his righteous soul over their lawless deeds that he saw and heard); then the Lord knows how to rescue the godly from trials, and to keep the unrighteous under punishment until the day of judgment, and especially those who indulge in the lust of defiling passion and despise authority. Bold and willful, they do not tremble as they blaspheme the glorious ones, whereas angels, though greater in might and power, do not pronounce a blasphemous judgment against them before the Lord. But these, like irrational animals, creatures of instinct, born to be caught and destroyed, blaspheming about matters of which they are ignorant, will also be destroyed in their destruction, suffering wrong as the wage for their wrongdoing. They count it pleasure to revel in the daytime. They are blots and blemishes, reveling in their deceptions, while they feast with you. They have eyes full of adultery, insatiable for sin. They entice unsteady souls. They have hearts trained in greed. Accursed children!” 2 Peter 4-14
The Apostle Peter also told us that in the last days scoffers would come denying the true history of the world and the worldwide flood of Noah’s day.
“You should remember the predictions of the holy prophets and the commandment of the Lord and Savior through your apostles, knowing this first of all, that scoffers will come in the last days with scoffing, following their own sinful desires. They will say, “Where is the promise of his coming? For ever since the fathers fell asleep, all things are continuing as they were from the beginning of creation.” For they deliberately overlook this fact, that the heavens existed long ago, and the earth was formed out of water and through water by the word of God, and that by means of these, the world that then existed was deluged with water and perished. But by the same word the heavens and earth that now exist are stored up for fire, being kept until the day of judgment and destruction of the ungodly.” 2 Peter 3:2-7
Do you know there are 86 verses in the Bible about The Day of the Lord: this is just one from Isaiah.
“Behold, the day of the Lord comes, cruel, with wrath and fierce anger, to make the land a desolation and to destroy its sinners from it. For the stars of the heavens and their constellations will not give their light; the sun will be dark at its rising, and the moon will not shed its light. I will punish the world for its evil, and the wicked for their iniquity; I will put an end to the pomp of the arrogant, and lay low the pompous pride of the ruthless. I will make people more rare than fine gold, and mankind than the gold of Ophir. Therefore I will make the heavens tremble, and the earth will be shaken out of its place, at the wrath of the Lord of hosts in the day of his fierce anger.” Isaiah 13:9-13
Check out the rest, I am sure God wants you to know that The Day of the Lord is coming: Isaiah 24:21-22, Zephaniah 1:14-18, Jeremiah 46:10, Job 20:28-29, Isaiah 13:4-6. Isaiah 19:16-17, Ezekeil 30:3-4, Isaiah 27:1, Joel 3:12-14, Zephaniah 3:8, Romans 2:16, Revelation 6:15-17, Amos 5:18-20, Isaiah 2:12, Joel 1:15, Joel 2:1-2, Matthew 7:22-23, John 12:48, Romans 2:5, Jeremiah 30:7-8, Joel 2:23-28, Isaiah 11:11, Isaiah 27:12-13, Micah 4:6-7, Matthew 24:30-31, Mark 13:26-27, Zephaniah 3:14-20, Isaiah 4:5-6, Joel 2:32, Joel 3:16-18, Zechariah 9:16-17, Isaiah 4:3-4, Zephaniah 3:11-13, Zechariah 14:20-21, Malachi 4:1-2, Micah 4:8, Micah 5:8-9, Revelation 22:5, Philippians 1:6, Daniel 12:1-2, John 6:40, John 11:24, 1 Corinthians 1:8, 2 Timothy 1:12, Ezekiel 38: 14-16, Zechariah 14:2, Luke 21:20, Revelation 20:8-9, Isaiah 4:2, Isaiah 11:10, Jeremiah 30:9, Hosea 3:5, Amos 9:11, Zechariah 9:9, Zechariah 12:10, 1 Thessalonian 5:2-3, Matthew 23:43-44, Luke 12:39-40, Mark 13:32, 2 Peter 3:10, 1 Thessalonian 5: 4-8, Ezekiel 13:5, Zephaniah 2:1-3, Malachi 4:5, 2 Peter 3:11-12, Matthew 24:33, Marfk 13:29, Luke 21: 31, 2 Thessalonians 2:3, Acts 2:19-20, Joel 2:30-31, Isaiah 13:9-10, Joel 2:10, Luke 21:11, Isaiah 5:29-30, Ezekiel 30:10, Joel 2:2-4, Amos 5:27, Matthew 24:21, Mark 13:19, Isaiah 11:12-14, Haggai 2:23, Zecharia 3:8.
The authors survey the ancient chroniclers for durations to the Flood and to Creation. We find that the ancient chroniclers unanimously placed the Flood in the twenty-fourth century BC. Several durations to Creation also agree with Ussher’s date within ten years (The Ussher chronology is a 17th-century chronology of the history of the world by James Ussher, the Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland)
We were surprised to find how closely chroniclers from ancient nations agree with each other and the Ussher chronology. Not only are there precise durations to the Flood and Creation from several civilizations, but a considerable amount of history from the antediluvian era has been preserved, albeit now covered under layers of superstition and idolatry.
The Hindu texts preserve a great deal of chronological and historical data, which has been overlaid and interpreted through the lens of much later Gnosticism. The Hindu word buddha originally meant a sage or prophet, millennia before it came to mean a particular god (Hamilton 1820, 289).
The oldest Hindu texts describe Adam, Enoch, and Noah as buddhas, which originally meant prophets (Hamilton 1820, 114–120). However, they also refer to the first ten generations of prediluvian patriarchs as “avatars” or incarnations of God, (Hamilton 1820, 10) which we obviously reject.
The Chinese remember the first ten patriarchs as legendary emperors, and also preserve surprisingly detailed chronological details about some of them, as well as the history of Noah’s post-flood career.
Stellar Observations: Chinese and Babylonian sources seem to indicate that the earliest astronomical observations after the Flood date back to 2295 B.C. (Spineto 1845, 404). The Shû King records that Emperor Yâo ordered the construction of four observatories as the first priority after the Flood. In Griffith and White (2023), we calculated the date of Yâo’s reign as having begun in 2347 B.C. Some Chinese scholars calculate it as 2357 B.C.
Chinese: Alexander Hamilton states: “the Chinese annalists . . . place the deluge of Yau in the same year that the Hebrews place the flood of Noah, . . .” (Hamilton 1820, 345). This calculation was based on the reigns of the first three post-Flood dynasties, as opposed to astronomical calculations.
Hindu Astrological: “the year 2352 was obtained by the Hindus from a purely astronomical calculation . . . for this implies their opinion that the history of the world went back no further” (Browne 1844, 567). The Flood generally marks the beginning of known world history, as the Hindus considered the era before the Flood as the reign of the gods. Browne suggests this calculation was made in 204 B.C., which happens to be when the vernal equinox was leaving Aries. If so, this suggests the Hindus believed the vernal equinox was in the cusp of Taurus at the time of the Flood. We will repeat what we believe this calculation to have been in the astronomical section of this paper.
Diodorus states that the Egyptian priests maintained that “when mankind first appeared on the earth [after the Flood]; . . . but from the Trojan War, less than twelve hundred [years]” (Diodorus 1935, Book 1, §24.2). Since the Trojan war ended 1184/1183 B.C., less than 1,200 years yields a date below 2383 B.C. for the date of the Flood. Assuming Diodorus rounded to the nearest hundred, the Flood probably occurred between 2383 and 2333 B.C.
Eusebius cites Varro as computing that the Flood was 1,600 years before the Olympic aera, (Eusebius 2002, PrEv. 10.10) which yields 2376 B.C., plus or minus 50 years.
Censorinus dates the flood of Ogyges as less than 1,600 years before the first olympiad (Williams 1789, 250). He seems to have confused the much later flood of Ogyges with the Deluge, as several other Greek sources did with both the floods of Ogyges and Deucalion. This section is confusing; however, he gives values that sum up to between 1,400 to 1,514 years prior to the first Olympiad (Censorinus 2000, 30–31).
Bunsen quotes Censorinus as being more precise: “same year is referred to by Censorinus, about 238 A.D., who states, on the authority of Varro, ‘the most learned of the Romans,’ born 116 B.C., that the Flood took place about the year 2360” (Bunsen 2017, 11).
“This Nembrot [Nimrod], says Berosus, built Babylon 130 years after the flood” (Raleigh 1829, chapter 8). One hundred and thirty years before 2233 B.C. yields 2363 B.C. However, he may be referring to the Dispersion, in which case, 2191 + 130 yields 2321 B.C.
We find that the sources who used Berossus to determine the date of the Flood measured 1,000 years before the Fall of Troy, and then added 163 years to the date of the Flood. 1184 + 1,000 + 163 = 2347 B.C.
Nevertheless, 2363 B.C. is consistent with the testimonies of Diodorus, Varro, and Censorinus.
Polyhistor used this value also: “a kingdom at Babylon, 163 years after the flood, according to Polyhistor” (Williams 1789, 250).
Assuming that Polyhistor used 1,000 years before the Fall of Troy in 1183 B.C. as the date for the first kingdom in Babylon, then 163 years before 2184 B.C. yields 2347 B.C., matching Ussher’s date for the end of the Flood.
However, according to our triangulations from Griffith and White (2023), the first kingdom in Babylon after the Dispersion started in 2192/2191 B.C., yielding 2354 B.C. for the Flood using this 163-year duration.
756 Years after the Kali Yuga: Confucius dated the Flood as occurring in the 757th year of the Kali Yuga (Hamilton 1820, 316). This value is given as 3,267,000 ages from the Kali Yuga, which, divided by the 4,320-cipher of the Hindus and Chinese, yields 756.25 years (Hamilton 1820, 332). The Hindus calculated time before the Flood in double hours, reported as “years.” We demonstrated that the astronomical date for the Kali Yuga was 3104 B.C. in Griffith and White (2023), by counting from three different events: the Hijrah, the birth of Moses, and the Usurpation of Pradyato, all of which occurred after the Flood. Counting 756 whole years from 3104 B.C. gives 2348 B.C. for the Flood, agreeing exactly with Ussher.
The Deluge occurred in the 47th year of a Grand Cycle: “the world by the Hindus and Chinese, and the commencement of their cycles agree, each placing the deluge in the 47th year of a cycle” (Hamilton 1820, vol. 1, 332). The year 2349/8 was the forty-seventh year of the fourteenth sixty-year cycle from the start of the Grand Cycle in 3176 B.C. (Griffith and White 2023, 151.
Cush’s Reigns: 62/55/42 years: Belus, whom we believe to have been Cush, ruled Babel until 2192/2191 B.C., and is said to have reigned 62 years (Russell 1865, 379) by Scaliger and 55 years by Syncellus quoting Africanus (Clinton 1824, vol. 1, 267), all three of whom were redactors of Ctesias. We believe both values refer to events in the reign of Cush, called Belus, or Bel Marduk.
Cush could only have ruled in the city of Babel from the time it was founded in 2234/2233 B.C. until the Dispersion in 2192/2191 B.C. or 42/43 years, since, “At the end of forty two years after the building of the Tower, Ninus son of Belus took the kingship of the world” (Macalister 1941, §13).
However, the Babel project must have been the result of many years of planning and organization. This is evidenced by its founding on the conjunction of the New Moon with the Vernal Equinox in 2233 B.C. (Cullimore 1833, 167, 180). This suggests they anticipated this conjunction and deliberately waited for this date to establish the city or its temple. Therefore, it is not unreasonable to postulate that Belus/Cush began to rule in some fashion a decade or more before the city was founded.
Cullimore (1833, 165) states “The building of this tower is by profane writers uniformly ascribed to Belus.” Cush’s rule over his tribe would have started earlier when the land was divided around the time of Peleg’s birth. The two longer durations for his length of reign, which predate the founding of Babel, may be explained by two divisions of territory as reported in the Book of Jubilees (Charles 1913, Jubilees 8.8-10).
Berossus gives 34,080 days, which is 93.3 Julian years, or 94.6 years of 360 days then used by ancient Babylon, from the Flood until the first dynasty of Babylon, when by inference, Belus/Cush began to rule. 94.6 plus 62 is 156.6 years; 156 years before the Dispersion in 2192/2191 B.C. yields 2348/2347 B.C. for the Flood, and 2254/2253 B.C. for the First Territorial Division.
The Hindu records give 150 years from the Division of the Earth until the Usurpation of Pradyato (Hamilton 1820, 124). Pradyato was a Cushite who conquered the nascent Indus civilization and took over the government. This Usurpation was also given as 1,000 years after the Kali Yuga. Subtracting 756 years to the Flood from the Kali Yuga, as well as the 150 years of self-rule by the Hindus, we find that the division of the world was 94 years after the Flood began, which is 93 years after the end of the Flood. This triangulates, confirming that our interpretation of the 34,080 days is correct.
Syncellus cites Africanus in his epitome of Ctesias who gives the reign of Belus, whom we consider to have been Cush, as 55 years (Clinton 1824, 267), which by our reckoning would be from the birth of Peleg in 2247 BC (Ussher 2005, 21, §47) to the Dispersion in 2192/2191 B.C. Thus, it appears territorial division may have been a seven-year process that began in 2254 B.C. and was finalized in 2247 B.C., both confirming the Flood was in 2348/2347 B.C. Adding 101 years from the Flood to Peleg in the MT to the 55 years of Belus gives 156 years from the end of the Flood to the Dispersion, again triangulating 2348/2347 B.C. for the Flood.
Semiramis I: 312/313 years: The Annals of Clonmacnoise state that Semiramis’ rule started 313 years after the Great Flood. “Ireland long time after the flood lay waste until . . . after the flood 313 years . . . in the 1st year of the Raigne of Semiramis then monarchs of the world in Assiria” (McGeoghagan 1896, 12–13). The Irish Annals of Clonmacnoise state that Semiramis began to rule 312 years after the Flood (Percy 1823, 270).
2036/2035 BC, AP-21 Reign of Semiramis I; plus, 313 years; gives: 2349/2348 BC for the Flood
Emperor Yâo’s Reign 2347 BC: We found in a previous paper (Griffith and White 2022b, 422) that Yu of the Xia Dynasty of China began to reign in 2197 B.C. His predecessors Yâo and Shun reigned for a total of 150 years. Emperor Yâo’s reign was said to have begun when the Flood had ended.
2197 B.C., AP-4 Reign of Yu/Xia; plus, 150 years of Yâo and Shun; gives: 2347 B.C. end of Flood
The Bible teaches a worldwide Flood. It destroyed all people and land vertebrates off the Ark. Many creatures were buried quickly, forming fossils all around the world. But could the fossils be the result of local floods instead of a global Flood? In many cases, this is not possible because they are in rock layers covering huge areas—rocks clearly laid down catastrophically by water.
Sometimes they span whole continents and even across different continents around the world. Geologists use the term mega sequence for some of them (mega is Greek for ‘big’). If the layers are extremely wide, then whatever caused them must also have been extremely wide. Let’s see some examples from around the world.
One of the most famous natural wonders in the USA is the Grand Canyon in northern Arizona. It is 446 km (277 miles) long, over 1.6 km (1 mile) deep, and 6.4 km (4 miles) to 29 km (18 miles) wide. Standing on one rim and looking at the opposite wall, the layers of rock look like a giant stack of pancakes.
One of the easiest layers to spot is the almost-white Coconino Sandstone. From the other side, it looks thin (arrow, pictured below). But it is actually about 96 m (315 ft) thick. It is so wide that it covers 519,000 km² (200,000 square miles)—almost twice the size of Colorado! It contains 41,700 km³ (10,000 cubic miles) of sand.
Where did all this sand come from, and how did it get there? The sandstone has slanting lines, called crossbeds (‘fossil’ sand dunes). The slope is at a particular angle—the angle of a sand slope under water. The crossbeds are so large that deep flowing water, covering a vast area, must have formed them.
In my own city of Sydney, Australia there is another large formation. It is called the Hawkesbury Sandstone, or just Sydney Sandstone. The sandstone is quite hard and strong, and it was used for many of Sydney’s public buildings.
The Sydney Sandstone is 350 km (220 miles) long, 250 km (150 miles) wide, and nearly 300 m (1,000 ft) thick in places. This also contains large crossbeds. One secular geologist said that the sandstone was deposited by huge waves of water mixed with sand. How big? 250 km (150 miles) wide—about the same as the sandstone deposit—and 20 m (66 ft) high, travelling about 100 km (60 miles) per hour. We don’t see them happening now. But the worldwide Flood of Noah’s day when God first poured out His wrath upon this earth explains them.
God tells us that in the last days before Jesus’ second coming to earth to rescue His Saints before pouring out His wrath on Earth once again, people will deny that the worldwide flood of Noah’s day that destroyed mankind (except 8 people) ever happened.
“You should remember the predictions of the holy prophets and the commandment of the Lord and Savior through your apostles, knowing this first of all, that scoffers will come in the last days with scoffing, following their own sinful desires. They will say, “Where is the promise of his coming? For ever since the fathers fell asleep, all things are continuing as they were from the beginning of creation.” For they deliberately overlook this fact, that the heavens existed long ago, and the earth was formed out of water and through water by the word of God, and that by means of these, the world that then existed was deluged with water and perished.”2 Peter 3:2-6
People you need to accept God exists and you can know Him. He tells us we are without excuse. Look at the following Scripture: God tells us, we just need to look around us, take a look in any garden at the beautiful flowers.
“For his invisible attributes, namely, his eternal power and divine nature, have been clearly perceived, ever since the creation of the world, in the things that have been made. So they are without excuse.”Romans 1:20
Also, fulfilled Bible prophecies should be enough for you to believe that all the two thousand prophecies of Jesus second coming to earth will be fulfilled as well. You need to know that these Bible prophecies tell us that we are not too far from Jesus’ second coming and the second time God pours out His wrath upon an unrepentant lawless world.
I know that Jesus returns first to take believers in Him to heaven before God pours out His wrath upon the world. I will be one of those who is saved. What about you? If you want to know how to get saved then go to either of these two websites http://www.answersingenesis.com or http://www.creation.com.
I recently posted on July 15th Noah’s Flood Fact or Fiction? If you have not viewed it, can I suggest you do, as it complements and reinforces this post. It is wonderful to see the amount of evidence being produced by Ph.D. scientists to support the young earth’s history presented in the Bible. In this video, we follow geologist Dr. Steve Austin and Del Tackett to Arizona where we can see the Grand Staircase, a thick stack of rock layers that are visible as sets of parallel cliffs above the Grand Canyon.
Steve then explains how the history of the world is best viewed through a Flood geology model as a five-step process: Sedimentation, Tectonics, Erosion, Volcanoes, and Exponential decline.
He then talks briefly about his experience as a creationist geologist. Dr. Austin is a field research geologist who has done research on six of the seven continents of the world. His research has taken him by helicopter into the crater on Mount St. Helens, by bush plane onto glaciers in Alaska, by raft through the Grand Canyon, on horseback into the high Sierra, by elevator into the world’s deepest coal mines, by SCUBA onto the Great Barrier Reef, by rail into Korean backcountry, by foot onto barren plateaus of southern Argentina, and by a four-wheel drive into remote desert areas of Israel, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia. Dr. Austin received his PhD from Pennsylvania State University in sedimentary geology.
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