Article by Andrew Sibley i Creation Magazine Vol 46, Issue 3
Most stars in the universe are in huge galaxies. Our Milky Way is estimated to contain 100–400 billion stars. It is so wide that even light would take some 90,000 years (under today’s conditions) to travel from one side to the other.. Galaxies are mostly found in groups of galaxies. Above a certain numerical size, these are called galaxy clusters. These clusters can be found within a cluster of clusters, called superclusters. The observable universe is thought to contain some 10 million of these.
There are truly gigantic, unique structures, containing all of the above and dwarfing them in size. Sometimes described as ‘cosmic megastructures’, they are so vast that they seriously challenge standard cosmological theories about the origin and evolution of the universe.
These discoveries run counter to the cosmological principle—the expectation that space would be smooth at the large scale. This principle is a central plank and foundational assumption of all modern secular cosmology, including all versions of the Big Bang. Under standard Big Bang cosmology, including ‘inflation’, the largest structures should be only 0.4 Gly across.
The deputy director of the Royal Astronomical Society, Dr Robert Massey, says it is leading to a major rethink: If these structures are real, then it’s definitely food for thought for cosmologists and the accepted thinking on how the universe has evolved over time.
Cosmologist Jenny Wagner is not yet ready to abandon the cosmological principle. But she agrees it is under threat, stating: Personally, I wouldn’t be surprised if we have to abandon the cosmological principle after future discoveries.
Creationist astronomers and physicists have long pointed out that cosmology involves many untestable assumptions, so that the favoured model leads to the preferred interpretation of the data. Instead of the big bang theory, the Bible tells us that the earth was formed out of water, with God stretching out the heavens in a vast expanse (Genesis 1:6-8, Jeremiah 10:12,) 2 Peter 3:5).
“And God said, “Let there be an expanse in the midst of the waters, and let it separate the waters from the waters.” And God made the expanse and separated the waters that were under the expanse from the waters that were above the expanse. And it was so. And God called the expanse Heaven. And there was evening and there was morning, the second day.” Genesis 1 :6-8
“For they deliberately overlook this fact, that the heavens existed long ago, and the earth was formed out of water and through water by the word of God,” 2 Peter 3:5
“It is he who made the earth by his power, who established the world by his wisdom, and by his understanding stretched out the heavens. When he utters his voice, there is a tumult of waters in the heavens,“
Dr Russell Humphreys in the early 1980’s based a theory about the origin of planetary magnetic fields on the basis that the earth and other bodies in the solar system were originally created as pure water. The theory was remarkably successful. Dr Humphrey correctly predicted the Voyager space probe’s measurements of the magnetic fields of the planets Uranus and Neptune. He was the only scientist to do so. The theory could not work with the present elements composing the solar system bodies, but only with water as the original material.
Dr Humphrey proposes that the heavens and earth that God created consisted of 1. a large, mostly empty space, and 2. a ball of water more than two light-years in diameter. This ball of water contained within itself what would become (a) the waters above the expanse, (b) another heavens called the expanse and the stars within it, and (c) the Earth.
LIVING ETERNAL NOW 